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Comic Arithmetic
Comic Arithmetic

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Comic Arithmetic is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Comic Arithmetic
Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.
This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.
RULE X.
BILLS.
When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Comic Arithmetic

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Comic Arithmetic is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.
Line 2
This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.
/ðɪs ˈsætaɪər ɪz lɔːntʃt əˈɡenst ðə ˈkʌtɪŋ kəˈmɜːrʃəlz ʌv ðə eɪdʒ/
Line 3
RULE X.
/ruːl eks/
Line 4
BILLS.
/bɪlz/
Line 5
When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.
/wen ɡʊdz ɑːr bɑːt ɔːr wɜːrk ɪz dʌn ə bɪl ɪz tuː biː meɪd aʊt ənd dɪˈlɪvərd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ascendency noun US /əˈsendənsi/

the state that exists when one person or group has power over another

From this reading “[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.”

commercials noun US /kəˈmɜːrʃəlz/

plural of “commercial” — a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television

From this reading “This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.”

declension noun US /dəˈklenʃən/

the inflection of nouns and pronouns and adjectives in Indo-European languages

From this reading “[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.”

integrity noun US /ˌɪnˈteɡrəti/

an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting

From this reading “[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.”

maintains verb US /meɪnˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.”

mercantile adjective US /ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl/

of or relating to the economic system of mercantilism

From this reading “[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.”

satire noun US /ˈsætaɪər/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading “This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.”

sustain verb US /səˈsteɪn/

lengthen or extend in duration or space

From this reading “[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

native land adjective + noun

the country where you were born

In this reading “[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.”

merchant princes noun + noun counted as “merchant prince”

In this reading “[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.”

at home preposition + noun

a reception held in your own home

In this reading “[3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

ascendencynounUS /əˈsendənsi/

the state that exists when one person or group has power over another

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

billnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

BILLSnounUS /bɪlz/

plural of “bill” — a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading BILLS.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

boughtverbUS /bɑːt/

inflected form of “buy” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

commercialsnounUS /kəˈmɜːrʃəlz/

plural of “commercial” — a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television

From this reading This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.

declensionnounUS /dəˈklenʃən/

the inflection of nouns and pronouns and adjectives in Indo-European languages

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

deliveredverbUS /dɪˈlɪvərd/

past form of “deliver” — deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

goodsnounUS /ɡʊdz/

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

integritynounUS /ˌɪnˈteɡrəti/

an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

launchedverbUS /lɔːntʃt/

past form of “launch” — set up or found

From this reading This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

maintainsverbUS /meɪnˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

mercantileadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl/

of or relating to the economic system of mercantilism

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

NotwithstandingadverbUS /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

princesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

RULEnounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading RULE X.

satirenounUS /ˈsætaɪər/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

sustainverbUS /səˈsteɪn/

lengthen or extend in duration or space

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This satire is launched against the "cutting" commercials of the age.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading When goods are bought or work is done, a bill is to be made out and delivered.

XnounUS /eks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading RULE X.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading [3] Notwithstanding the "pretty considerable declension" of mercantile integrity, the character of the British merchant, both at home and abroad, still maintains its ascendency, and there are yet thousands of "merchant princes" who fully sustain the honour and glory of our native land.

Chapter 2 of Comic Arithmetic by Percival Leigh holds 339 sentences, grouped into 68 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Comic Arithmetic contain?

Chapter 2 holds 339 sentences of Comic Arithmetic, unabridged, divided into 68 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Comic Arithmetic by Percival Leigh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 339 sentences, grouped into 68 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Comic Arithmetic?

Work through the 68 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 68 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Comic Arithmetic

Common questions about reading Comic Arithmetic by Percival Leigh on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Comic Arithmetic?

Yes. All 820 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46120 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Comic Arithmetic is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46120, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Comic Arithmetic take to read?

About 68 minutes of reading across 164 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Comic Arithmetic section by section

How to work through Comic Arithmetic section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Comic Arithmetic

Words and structures a reader meets early in Comic Arithmetic, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Comic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic Arithmetic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arithmetic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic Arithmetic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whole
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic Arithmetic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Figure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic Arithmetic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.