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Comic History of England
Comic History of England

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Comic History of England is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.
Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.
He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.
Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.
This is called the "Picts' Wall," and a portion of it still exists.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Comic History of England

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Comic History of England is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.
/ðə ˈveriəs ˈroʊmən joʊks ðer ɡroʊθ dɪˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən ənd ˈfaɪnəl ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən/
Line 2
Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.
/ˌæɡrɪˈkoʊlə noʊ daʊt meɪd ðə ˈroʊmən joʊk ˈiːziər əˈpɑːn ðə neks ʌv ðə ˈkɑːŋkərd ˈpiːpəl ənd səˈdʒestɪd ðə roʊˈteɪʃən ʌv krɑːps/
Line 3
He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.
Line 4
Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.
Line 5
This is called the "Picts' Wall," and a portion of it still exists.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Caledonia noun US /ˌkæləˈdoʊniə/

the geographical area (in Roman times) to the north of the Antonine Wall; now a poetic name for Scotland

From this reading “He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.”

degeneration noun US /dɪˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality

From this reading “THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.”

domesticated adjective US /dəˈmestəkeɪtəd/

converted or adapted to domestic use

From this reading “He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.”

elimination noun US /ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən/

the act of removing or getting rid of something

From this reading “THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.”

Hadrian noun US /ˈhædriən/

Roman Emperor who was the adoptive son of Trajan; travelled throughout his empire to strengthen its frontiers and encourage learning and architecture; on a visit to Britain in 122 he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall (76-138)

From this reading “Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.”

invaded verb US /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading “He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.”

rotation noun US /roʊˈteɪʃən/

the act of rotating as if on an axis

From this reading “Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.”

yokes noun US /joʊks/

plural of “yoke” — fabric comprising a fitted part at the top of a garment

From this reading “THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

121

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

AfterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

AgricolanounUS /ˌæɡrɪˈkoʊlə/

Roman general who was governor of Britain and extended Roman rule north to the Firth of Forth (37-93)

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

CaledonianounUS /ˌkæləˈdoʊniə/

the geographical area (in Roman times) to the north of the Antonine Wall; now a poetic name for Scotland

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

Caledonians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This is called the "Picts' Wall," and a portion of it still exists.

capturedverbUS /ˈkæptʃərd/

past form of “capture” — succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

conqueredverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkərd/

past form of “conquer” — bring under control by force or authority

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

cropsnounUS /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

DEGENERATIONnounUS /dɪˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

domesticatedadjectiveUS /dəˈmestəkeɪtəd/

converted or adapted to domestic use

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

ELIMINATIONnounUS /ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən/

the act of removing or getting rid of something

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

emperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading This is called the "Picts' Wall," and a portion of it still exists.

FINALadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

GROWTHnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

HadriannounUS /ˈhædriən/

Roman Emperor who was the adoptive son of Trajan; travelled throughout his empire to strengthen its frontiers and encourage learning and architecture; on a visit to Britain in 122 he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall (76-138)

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

invadedverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is called the "Picts' Wall," and a portion of it still exists.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This is called the "Picts' Wall," and a portion of it still exists.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

necksnounUS /neks/

plural of “neck” — the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

Picts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is called the "Picts' Wall," and a portion of it still exists.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading This is called the "Picts' Wall," and a portion of it still exists.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

ROMANadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

rotationnounUS /roʊˈteɪʃən/

the act of rotating as if on an axis

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

Scotchmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

suggestedverbUS /səˈdʒestɪd/

past form of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is called the "Picts' Wall," and a portion of it still exists.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

unconqueredadjective

not conquered

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

VARIOUSadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Afterwards, in 121 A.D., the emperor Hadrian was compelled to build a wall to keep out the still unconquered Caledonians.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He also invaded Caledonia and captured quite a number of Scotchmen, whom he took home and domesticated.

yokenounUS /joʊk/

fabric comprising a fitted part at the top of a garment

From this reading Agricola no doubt made the Roman yoke easier upon the necks of the conquered people, and suggested the rotation of crops.

YOKESnounUS /joʊks/

plural of “yoke” — fabric comprising a fitted part at the top of a garment

From this reading THE VARIOUS ROMAN YOKES: THEIR GROWTH, DEGENERATION, AND FINAL ELIMINATION.

Chapter 2 of Comic History of England by Bill Nye holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Comic History of England contain?

Chapter 2 holds 40 sentences of Comic History of England, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Comic History of England by Bill Nye exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Comic History of England?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Comic History of England

Common questions about reading Comic History of England by Bill Nye on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Comic History of England?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Comic History of England is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Comic History of England take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Comic History of England

Words and structures a reader meets early in Comic History of England, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Comic History of England, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Comic History of England, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Comic History of England, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.