Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Comic History of England
Comic History of England

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Comic History of England is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Comic History of England
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.
We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.
This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.
Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.
Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Comic History of England

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Comic History of England is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.
Line 2
We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.
Line 3
This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.
Line 4
Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.
Line 5
Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allegorical adjective US /ˌæləˈɡɔːrəkəl/

used in or characteristic of or containing allegory

From this reading “BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.”

amputated verb US /ˈæmpjəteɪtɪd/

past form of “amputate” — remove surgically

From this reading “Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.”

biography noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading “BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.”

egotistical adjective US /ˌiːɡəˈtɪstɪkəl/

characteristic of those having an inflated idea of their own importance

From this reading “BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.”

incontrovertible adjective US /ˌɪŋkɑːntroʊˈvɜːrtɪbəl/

impossible to deny or disprove

From this reading “BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.”

jackass noun US /ˈdʒækæs/

a man who is a stupid incompetent fool

From this reading “Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.”

machinations noun US /ˌmækəˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “machination” — a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading “BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.”

wrest verb US /rest/

obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading “Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1452

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

1460

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.

ALLEGORICALadjectiveUS /ˌæləˈɡɔːrəkəl/

used in or characteristic of or containing allegory

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

amputatedverbUS /ˈæmpjəteɪtɪd/

past form of “amputate” — remove surgically

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

BEINGauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

BIOGRAPHYnounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

Cecily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

connounUS /kɑːn/

an argument opposed to a proposal

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

descentnounUS /dɪˈsent/

An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

EGOTISTICALadjectiveUS /ˌiːɡəˈtɪstɪkəl/

characteristic of those having an inflated idea of their own importance

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.

flourishedverbUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃt/

past form of “flourish” — grow vigorously

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

Fool-Killer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

Fotheringhay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

heirnounUS /er/

A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

historiannounUS /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

INCONTROVERTIBLEadjectiveUS /ˌɪŋkɑːntroʊˈvɜːrtɪbəl/

impossible to deny or disprove

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

jackassnounUS /ˈdʒækæs/

a man who is a stupid incompetent fool

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

jointnounUS /dʒɔɪnt/

(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

legitimateadjectiveUS /ləˈdʒɪtəmət/

of marriages and offspring; recognized as lawful

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

MACHINATIONSnounUS /ˌmækəˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “machination” — a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

monarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

Neville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.

PANEGYRICnoun

a formal expression of praise

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.

physiciannounUS /fəˈzɪʃən/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

prioradjectiveUS /ˈpraɪər/

earlier in time

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

pronounUS /proʊ/

an athlete who plays for pay

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

recollectionsnounUS /ˌrekəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “recollection” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.

RICHARD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

Richard'snounUS /ˈrɪtʃərdz/

possessive form of “richards” — English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

RosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

strugglingadjectiveUS /ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ/

engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

treacherousadjectiveUS /ˈtretʃərəs/

dangerously unstable and unpredictable

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

USURPERnoun

one who wrongfully or illegally seizes and holds the place of another

From this reading BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD III.: BEING AN ALLEGORICAL PANEGYRIC OF THE INCONTROVERTIBLE MACHINATIONS OF AN EGOTISTICAL USURPER.

VInounUS /vaɪ/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.

Westmoreland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading This great monarch, of whom so much has been said pro and con,--but mostly con,--was born at Fotheringhay Castle, October 2, 1452, in the presence of his parents and a physician whose name has at this moment escaped the treacherous memory of the historian.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

wrestverbUS /rest/

obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading Richard's father, the Duke of York, while struggling one day with Henry VI., the royal jackass that flourished in 1460, prior to the conquest of the Fool-Killer, had the misfortune, while trying to wrest the throne from Henry, to get himself amputated at the second joint.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading We will now write out a few personal recollections of Richard III.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

Yorkists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland, his father being the legitimate heir to the throne by descent in the female line, so he was the head of the Yorkists in the War of the Roses.

Chapter 17 of Comic History of England by Bill Nye holds 45 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Comic History of England contain?

Chapter 17 holds 45 sentences of Comic History of England, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Comic History of England by Bill Nye exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 45 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Comic History of England?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Comic History of England

Common questions about reading Comic History of England by Bill Nye on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Comic History of England?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Comic History of England is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Comic History of England take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Comic History of England section by section

How to work through Comic History of England section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Comic History of England to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Comic History of England

Words and structures a reader meets early in Comic History of England, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Comic History of England, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Comic History of England, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Comic History of England, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.