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Comic History of the United States
Comic History of the United States

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Comic History of the United States is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.
On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.
Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.
The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.
In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Comic History of the United States

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Comic History of the United States is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.
Line 2
On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.
Line 3
Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.
/twelv ˈθaʊzənd ˈjuːnjən truːps wɜːr kɪld bɪˈfɔːr naɪt ˈmɜːrsɪfəliː ʃʌt daʊn əˈpɑːn ðə ˈslɔːtər/
Line 4
The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.
Line 5
In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Burnside noun US /ˈbɜːrnsaɪd/

United States general in the American Civil War who was defeated by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg (1824-1881)

From this reading “On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.”

Dakota noun US /dəˈkoʊtə/

a member of the Siouan people of the northern Mississippi valley; commonly called the Sioux

From this reading “In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.”

fraternal adjective US /frəˈtɜːrnəl/

of or relating to a fraternity or society of usually men

From this reading “STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.”

Fredericksburg noun US /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading “On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.”

Iowa noun US /ˈaɪəwə/

a member of the Siouan people formerly living in Iowa and Minnesota and Missouri

From this reading “In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.”

massacred verb US /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.”

Minnesota noun US /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/

a midwestern state

From this reading “In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.”

outing noun US /ˈaʊtɪŋ/

a journey taken for pleasure

From this reading “STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

13

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

BEGINverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

BETWEENprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

BLOODSHEDnounUS /ˈblʌdʃed/

the shedding of blood resulting in murder

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

BurnsidenounUS /ˈbɜːrnsaɪd/

United States general in the American Civil War who was defeated by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg (1824-1881)

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

COMBATANTSnounUS /kəmˈbætənts/

plural of “combatant” — someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

commandingadjectiveUS /kəˈmændɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

ConfederatesnounUS /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

DakotanounUS /dəˈkoʊtə/

a member of the Siouan people of the northern Mississippi valley; commonly called the Sioux

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

deliberationnounUS /dɪˌlɪbərˈeɪʃən/

(usually plural) discussion of all sides of a question

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

DISAPPEARverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪr/

get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

discouragements

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

FEATURESnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

fetchedverbUS /fetʃt/

past form of “fetch” — go or come after and bring or take back

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

FRATERNALadjectiveUS /frəˈtɜːrnəl/

of or relating to a fraternity or society of usually men

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

FredericksburgnounUS /ˈfredrɪksbərɡ/

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

GIVEverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

IowanounUS /ˈaɪəwə/

a member of the Siouan people formerly living in Iowa and Minnesota and Missouri

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

managementnounUS /ˈmænədʒmənt/

the act of managing something

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

massacredverbUS /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

mercifullyadverbUS /ˈmɜːrsɪfəliː/

in a compassionate manner

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

MinnesotanounUS /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/

a midwestern state

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

MIXverbUS /mɪks/

mix together different elements

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

MOREadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

OUTINGnounUS /ˈaʊtɪŋ/

a journey taken for pleasure

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

PLACEnounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

PRINCIPLEnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

RELATIONSnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

sang-froidnoun

great coolness and composure under strain

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

shootverbUS /ʃuːt/

hit with a missile from a weapon

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

slaughternounUS /ˈslɔːtər/

the killing of animals (as for food)

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

STILLadjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

STRAINEDadjectiveUS /streɪnd/

lacking natural ease

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

THINGSnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

TwelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Twelve thousand Union troops were killed before night mercifully shut down upon the slaughter.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

WHOpronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading STILL MORE FRATERNAL BLOODSHED, ON PRINCIPLE.--OUTING FEATURES DISAPPEAR, AND GIVE PLACE TO STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN COMBATANTS, WHO BEGIN TO MIX THINGS.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading In the midst of all these discouragements, the red brother fetched loose in Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, and massacred seven hundred men, women, and children.

YankeesnounUS /ˈjæŋkiz/

plural of “yankee” — an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)

From this reading The Confederates were protected by stone walls and situated upon a commanding height, from which they were able to shoot down the Yankees with perfect sang-froid and deliberation.

year'snounUS /jɪrz/

possessive form of “year” — a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading On December 13 the year's business closed with the battle of Fredericksburg, under the management of General Burnside.

Chapter 18 of Comic History of the United States by Bill Nye holds 176 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Comic History of the United States contain?

Chapter 18 holds 176 sentences of Comic History of the United States, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Comic History of the United States by Bill Nye exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 176 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Comic History of the United States?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #21427, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 190 minutes of reading across 458 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Comic History of the United States section by section

How to work through Comic History of the United States section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Comic History of the United States to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Comic History of the United States

Words and structures a reader meets early in Comic History of the United States, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Discovery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic History of the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
America
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic History of the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beautiful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic History of the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic History of the United States; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.