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Comic Tragedies
Comic Tragedies

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Comic Tragedies is here in full — 442 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Comic Tragedies
Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Illustration: JO AND MEG.
COPIES OF EARLY DAGUERREOTYPES.
"It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.
Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."
_Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Comic Tragedies

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Comic Tragedies is here in full — 442 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Illustration: JO AND MEG.
Line 2
COPIES OF EARLY DAGUERREOTYPES.
Line 3
"It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.
/ɪt wɑːz æt ðɪs ˈpɪriəd ʌv hɜːr laɪf ðæt ʃiː wɑːz ˈvaɪələntli əˈtækt baɪ ə ˈmeɪniə fɔːr ðə steɪdʒ ənd ˈraɪtɪŋ ənd eˈnæktɪŋ ˈdrɑːməz/
Line 4
Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."
/hɜːr ˈoʊldər ˈsɪstər ˈænə hæd ðə seɪm teɪst ənd əˈsɪstɪd hɜːr ɪn ˈkæriɪŋ aʊt ɔːl hɜːr plænz/
Line 5
_Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alcott noun US /ˈælkɑːt/

United States novelist noted for children's books (1832-1888)

From this reading “_Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.”

Cambridge noun US /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading “_Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.”

copies noun US /ˈkɑːpiz/

plural of “copy” — a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading “COPIES OF EARLY DAGUERREOTYPES.”

dramas noun US /ˈdrɑːməz/

plural of “drama” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading “"It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.”

enacting verb US /eˈnæktɪŋ/

-ing form of “enact” — order by virtue of superior authority; decree

From this reading “"It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.”

Illustration noun US /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading “[Illustration: JO AND MEG.”

mania noun US /ˈmeɪniə/

an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action

From this reading “"It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.”

meg noun US /meɡ/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading “[Illustration: JO AND MEG.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

older sister adjective + noun

In this reading “Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."”

carrying out verb + adjective counted as “carry out”

put in effect

In this reading “Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."”

COPIES OF verb + particle counted as “copy of”

In this reading “COPIES OF EARLY DAGUERREOTYPES.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

AlcottnounUS /ˈælkɑːt/

United States novelist noted for children's books (1832-1888)

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [Illustration: JO AND MEG.

AnnanounUS /ˈænə/

a former copper coin of Pakistan and India

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

assistedadjectiveUS /əˈsɪstɪd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

Cheney's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

COPIESnounUS /ˈkɑːpiz/

plural of “copy” — a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading COPIES OF EARLY DAGUERREOTYPES.

DAGUERREOTYPES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COPIES OF EARLY DAGUERREOTYPES.

dramasnounUS /ˈdrɑːməz/

plural of “drama” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

EARLYadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading COPIES OF EARLY DAGUERREOTYPES.

enactingverbUS /eˈnæktɪŋ/

-ing form of “enact” — order by virtue of superior authority; decree

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

IllustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading [Illustration: JO AND MEG.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

JO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Illustration: JO AND MEG.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

Louisa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

manianounUS /ˈmeɪniə/

an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

MEGnounUS /meɡ/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading [Illustration: JO AND MEG.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading COPIES OF EARLY DAGUERREOTYPES.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

plansnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

PressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

SonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading Her older sister, Anna, had the same taste, and assisted her in carrying out all her plans."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

violentlyadverbUS /ˈvaɪələntli/

in a violent manner

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

WilsonnounUS /ˈwɪlsən/

author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading _Mrs. Cheney's Life of Louisa M. Alcott._] University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading "It was at this period of her life that she was violently attacked by a mania for the stage, and writing and enacting dramas.

Chapter 1 of Comic Tragedies by Louisa May Alcott holds 442 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Comic Tragedies contain?

Chapter 1 holds 442 sentences of Comic Tragedies, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Comic Tragedies by Louisa May Alcott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 442 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Comic Tragedies?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Comic Tragedies

Common questions about reading Comic Tragedies by Louisa May Alcott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Comic Tragedies?

Yes. All 4770 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33986 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Comic Tragedies is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33986, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Comic Tragedies take to read?

About 397 minutes of reading across 954 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Comic Tragedies section by section

How to work through Comic Tragedies section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Comic Tragedies to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Comic Tragedies

Words and structures a reader meets early in Comic Tragedies, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustration
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic Tragedies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Copies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic Tragedies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic Tragedies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daguerreotypes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comic Tragedies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.