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Comrades
Comrades

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Comrades is here in full — 571 sentences across 115 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/114 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.
He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.
Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.
But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.
This was a marked incident.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Comrades

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Comrades is here in full — 571 sentences across 115 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/114 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.
Line 2
He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.
/hiː wɑːz nɑːt juːzd tuː ˈbiːɪŋ ɪl ənd faʊnd noʊ ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃənz ɪn ˈweðər/
Line 3
Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.
Line 4
But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.
/bʌt hiː ˈmænəfestəd noʊ ˈɪntrəst ɪn ˈflaʊərz les ðæn ˈjuːʒəwəl ɪt mʌst biː oʊnd ɪn ˈpeɪʃəns hɪz waɪf/
Line 5
This was a marked incident.
/ðɪs wɑːz ə mɑːrkt ˈɪnsədənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

consolations noun US /ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “consolation” — the comfort you feel when consoled in times of disappointment

From this reading “He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.”

crocuses noun US /ˈkroʊkjuːsɪz/

plural of “crocus” — any of numerous low-growing plants of the genus Crocus having slender grasslike leaves and white or yellow or purple flowers; native chiefly to the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated

From this reading “Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.”

daffodils noun US /ˈdæfədɪlz/

plural of “daffodil” — any of numerous varieties of Narcissus plants having showy often yellow flowers with a trumpet-shaped central crown

From this reading “Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.”

incarnate verb US /ˌɪnˈkɑːrnət/

make concrete and real

From this reading “PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.”

lilacs noun US /ˈlaɪlæks/

plural of “lilac” — any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers

From this reading “Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.”

pansies noun US /ˈpænziz/

plural of “pansy” — large-flowered garden plant derived chiefly from the wild pansy of Europe and having velvety petals of various colors

From this reading “Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.”

peonies noun US /ˈpiːəniz/

plural of “peony” — any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers

From this reading “Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.”

tulips noun US /ˈtuːləps/

plural of “tulip” — any of numerous perennial bulbous herbs having linear or broadly lanceolate leaves and usually a single showy flower

From this reading “Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

old man adjective + noun

a man who is very old

In this reading “PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1911

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

bureaunounUS /ˈbjʊroʊ/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

consolationsnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “consolation” — the comfort you feel when consoled in times of disappointment

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

criticallyadverbUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəli/

in a critical manner

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

crocusesnounUS /ˈkroʊkjuːsɪz/

plural of “crocus” — any of numerous low-growing plants of the genus Crocus having slender grasslike leaves and white or yellow or purple flowers; native chiefly to the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

daffodilsnounUS /ˈdæfədɪlz/

plural of “daffodil” — any of numerous varieties of Narcissus plants having showy often yellow flowers with a trumpet-shaped central crown

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

fleurs-de-lis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

FlowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

garden-loving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

incarnateverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɑːrnət/

make concrete and real

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading This was a marked incident.

indifferentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfrənt/

marked by a lack of interest

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

lilacsnounUS /ˈlaɪlæks/

plural of “lilac” — any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

manifestedverbUS /ˈmænəfestəd/

past form of “manifest” — provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading This was a marked incident.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

observantlyadverb

in an observant manner

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

ownedadjectiveUS /oʊnd/

having an owner; often used in combination

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

pansiesnounUS /ˈpænziz/

plural of “pansy” — large-flowered garden plant derived chiefly from the wild pansy of Europe and having velvety petals of various colors

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

PatiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

peoniesnounUS /ˈpiːəniz/

plural of “peony” — any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

petulantadjectiveUS /ˈpetʃələnt/

easily irritated or annoyed

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

PUBLISHEDadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

rosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

SEPTEMBERnounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

tablesnounUS /ˈteɪbəlz/

plural of “table” — a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was a marked incident.

thrashedverbUS /θræʃt/

past form of “thrash” — give a thrashing to; beat hard

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

tulipsnounUS /ˈtuːləps/

plural of “tulip” — any of numerous perennial bulbous herbs having linear or broadly lanceolate leaves and usually a single showy flower

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER, 1911 In the late May evening the soul of summer had gone suddenly incarnate, but the old man, indifferent and petulant, thrashed upon his bed.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading But he manifested no interest in flowers; less than usual, it must be owned, in Patience, his wife.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading He was not used to being ill, and found no consolations in weather.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

window-sills

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Flowers regarded him observantly--one might have said critically--from the tables, the bureau, the window-sills: tulips, fleurs-de-lis, pansies, peonies, and late lilacs, for he had a garden-loving wife who made the most of "the dull season," after crocuses and daffodils, and before roses.

Chapter 1 of Comrades by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps holds 571 sentences, grouped into 115 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Comrades contain?

Chapter 1 holds 571 sentences of Comrades, unabridged, divided into 115 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Comrades by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 571 sentences, grouped into 115 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Comrades?

Work through the 115 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 115 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Comrades

Common questions about reading Comrades by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Comrades?

Yes. All 571 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34255 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Comrades is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34255, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Comrades take to read?

About 47 minutes of reading across 115 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Comrades section by section

How to work through Comrades section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Comrades to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Comrades

Words and structures a reader meets early in Comrades, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comrades; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
September
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comrades; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comrades; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Summer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comrades; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.