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Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California
Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California is here in full — 235 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California
Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.
The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.
The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.
Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.
The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California is here in full — 235 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.
Line 2
The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.
/ðə ˈprɑːbləmz wɪtʃ ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli feɪst ðə ˈkaʊnsəl wɜːr ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ bʌt ðeɪ wɜːr ˈɜːrdʒənt ənd kʊd ədˈmɪt ʌv noʊ dɪˈleɪ/
Line 3
The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.
/ðə ˈæbsəluːt rəˈfjuːzəl ʌv ˈevəri ˈmembər ʌv ðə ˈbrʌðərhʊd tuː duː ðə ˈdɜːrti ənd ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbəl wɜːrk brɔːt æt wʌns tuː ˈɪʃuːz tuː ə ˈkraɪsəs/
Line 4
Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.
/ˈiːðər ˈleɪbər mʌst biː ˈvɑːlənteri ɔːr ˌɪnˈvɑːlənteri/
Line 5
The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.
/ðə ˈpiːpəl huː dɪd ðɪs wɜːrk mʌst biː ˌɪnˈduːst tuː əˈɡriː tuː pərˈfɔːrm ɪt ɔːr ðeɪ mʌst biː fɔːrst tuː duː ɪt baɪ ə suːˈpɪriər əˈθɔːrəti wɪˈθaʊt ðer kənˈsent/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aristocracy noun US /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading “A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.”

assigning noun US /əˈsaɪnɪŋ/

the act of distributing something to designated places or persons

From this reading “A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.”

Brotherhood noun US /ˈbrʌðərhʊd/

the kinship relation between a male offspring and the siblings

From this reading “The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.”

executive noun US /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/

a person responsible for the administration of a business

From this reading “A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.”

involuntary adjective US /ˌɪnˈvɑːlənteri/

not subject to the control of the will

From this reading “Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.”

issues noun US /ˈɪʃuːz/

plural of “issue” — an important question that is in dispute and must be settled

From this reading “The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.”

problems noun US /ˈprɑːbləmz/

plural of “problem” — a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading “The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.”

voluntary adjective US /ˈvɑːlənteri/

of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled

From this reading “Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

agreeverbUS /əˈɡriː/

be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

ARISTOCRACYnounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

assigningnounUS /əˈsaɪnɪŋ/

the act of distributing something to designated places or persons

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

Barbara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

BrotherhoodnounUS /ˈbrʌðərhʊd/

the kinship relation between a male offspring and the siblings

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

consentnounUS /kənˈsent/

permission to do something

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

councilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

crisisnounUS /ˈkraɪsəs/

an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

disagreeableadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbəl/

not to your liking

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

EitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

executivenounUS /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/

a person responsible for the administration of a business

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

facedadjectiveUS /feɪst/

having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number; often used in combination

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

involuntaryadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlənteri/

not subject to the control of the will

From this reading Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.

issuesnounUS /ˈɪʃuːz/

plural of “issue” — an important question that is in dispute and must be settled

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.

overwhelmingadjectiveUS /ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ/

so strong as to be irresistible

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

performverbUS /pərˈfɔːrm/

carry out or perform an action

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

problemsnounUS /ˈprɑːbləmz/

plural of “problem” — a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

refusalnounUS /rəˈfjuːzəl/

the act of refusing

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

TomnounUS /tɑːm/

male cat

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The absolute refusal of every member of the Brotherhood to do the dirty and disagreeable work brought at once two issues to a crisis.

urgentadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrdʒənt/

compelling immediate action

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

voluntaryadjectiveUS /ˈvɑːlənteri/

of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled

From this reading Either labour must be voluntary or involuntary.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The problems which immediately faced the council were overwhelming, but they were urgent and could admit of no delay.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The people who did this work must be induced to agree to perform it or they must be forced to do it by a superior authority without their consent.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading A NEW ARISTOCRACY Three members of the executive council, Norman, Barbara, and Tom, began at once the task of assigning work.

Chapter 18 of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California by Thomas, Jr. Dixon holds 235 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California contain?

Chapter 18 holds 235 sentences of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California by Thomas, Jr. Dixon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 235 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California

Common questions about reading Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California by Thomas, Jr. Dixon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California?

Yes. All 4602 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35447 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35447, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California take to read?

About 383 minutes of reading across 921 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California section by section

How to work through Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California

Words and structures a reader meets early in Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Obvious
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Typographical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corrected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Comrades — A Story of Social Adventure in California; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.