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Confessions and Criticisms
Confessions and Criticisms

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Confessions and Criticisms is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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AMERICANISM IN FICTION.
Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.
The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.
The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.
This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Confessions and Criticisms

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Confessions and Criticisms is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AMERICANISM IN FICTION.
/əˈmerɪkənɪzəm ɪn ˈfɪkʃən/
Line 2
Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.
/kənˈtempəreri ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm wɪl hæv ɪt ðæt ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː kriˈeɪt æn əˈmerəkən ˈlɪtərətʃər wiː mʌst juːs əˈmerəkən məˈtɪriəlz/
Line 3
The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.
/ðə tɜːrm ˈlɪtərətʃər hæz noʊ daʊt kʌm tuː biː emˈplɔɪd ɪn ə luːs sens/
Line 4
The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.
Line 5
This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

americanism noun US /əˈmerɪkənɪzəm/

loyalty to the United States and its institutions

From this reading “AMERICANISM IN FICTION.”

Census noun US /ˈsensəs/

a periodic count of the population

From this reading “The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.”

Digests noun US /ˌdaɪˈdʒests/

plural of “digest” — a periodical that summarizes the news

From this reading “The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.”

Histories noun US /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading “The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.”

monthly noun US /ˈmʌnθli/

a periodical that is published every month (or 12 issues per year)

From this reading “The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.”

productions noun US /prəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading “The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.”

Review's noun US /riˈvjuːz/

possessive form of “review” — a new appraisal or evaluation

Statistical adjective US /stəˈtɪstɪkəl/

of or relating to statistics

From this reading “The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

adoptverbUS /əˈdɑːpt/

choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

AMERICANISMnounUS /əˈmerɪkənɪzəm/

loyalty to the United States and its institutions

From this reading AMERICANISM IN FICTION.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

CensusnounUS /ˈsensəs/

a periodic count of the population

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

commentnounUS /ˈkɑːment/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

conceptionnounUS /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

consentnounUS /kənˈsent/

permission to do something

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

ContemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

createverbUS /kriˈeɪt/

make or cause to be or to become

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

DigestsnounUS /ˌdaɪˈdʒests/

plural of “digest” — a periodical that summarizes the news

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

essaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

examinationnounUS /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

FICTIONnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading AMERICANISM IN FICTION.

fourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

HistoriesnounUS /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AMERICANISM IN FICTION.

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

LiteraturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

monthlynounUS /ˈmʌnθli/

a periodical that is published every month (or 12 issues per year)

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

nayexclamationUS /neɪ/

an old word for “no”

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

novelsnounUS /ˈnɑːvəlz/

plural of “novel” — an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

productionsnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

RecordsnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdz/

plural of “record” — anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

remainingadjectiveUS /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

not used up

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

ReviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

Review'snounUS /riˈvjuːz/

possessive form of “review” — a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

SaturdaynounUS /ˈsætərdi/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

StatisticaladjectiveUS /stəˈtɪstɪkəl/

of or relating to statistics

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

suspectedadjectiveUS /səˈspektɪd/

believed likely

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The term "Literature" has, no doubt, come to be employed in a loose sense.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

three-fourthsnoun

three of four equal parts

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

titlesnounUS /ˈtaɪtəlz/

plural of “title” — a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

two-column

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Contemporary criticism will have it that, in order to create an American Literature, we must use American materials.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading The London _Saturday Review_ has (or used to have until lately) a monthly two-column article devoted to what it called "American Literature," three-fourths of which were devoted to an examination of volumes of State Histories, Statistical Digests, Records of the Census, and other such works as were never, before or since, suspected of being literature; while the remaining fourth mentioned the titles (occasionally with a line of comment) of whatever productions were at hand in the way of essays, novels, and poetry.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading This would seem to indicate that we may have--nay, are already possessed of--an American Literature, composed of American materials, provided only that we consent to adopt the _Saturday Review's_ conception of what literature is.

Chapter 2 of Confessions and Criticisms by Julian Hawthorne holds 212 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Confessions and Criticisms contain?

Chapter 2 holds 212 sentences of Confessions and Criticisms, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Confessions and Criticisms by Julian Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 212 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Confessions and Criticisms?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Confessions and Criticisms

Common questions about reading Confessions and Criticisms by Julian Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Confessions and Criticisms?

Yes. All 1728 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Confessions and Criticisms is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7431, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Confessions and Criticisms take to read?

About 144 minutes of reading across 346 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Confessions and Criticisms section by section

How to work through Confessions and Criticisms section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Confessions and Criticisms to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Confessions and Criticisms

Words and structures a reader meets early in Confessions and Criticisms, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Novels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Agnosticism
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Times
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.