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Confessions and Criticisms
Confessions and Criticisms

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Confessions and Criticisms is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN.
Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.
But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.
It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.
It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.
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Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Confessions and Criticisms

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Confessions and Criticisms is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN.
/ˈlɪtərətʃər fɔːr ˈtʃɪldrən/
Line 2
Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.
/ˈlɪtərətʃər ɪz ðæt ˈkwɑːləti ɪn bʊks wɪtʃ əˈfɔːrdz dɪˈlaɪt ənd ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt tuː ðə soʊl/
Line 3
But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.
Line 4
It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt ðə ˈɪntəlekt ðoʊ ɪt ɡɪvz ðə ˈɪntəlekt laɪt nɔːr ðə ɪˈmoʊʃənz ðoʊ ðeɪ rəˈsiːv ðer wɔːrmθ frʌm ɪt/
Line 5
It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affords verb US /əˈfɔːrdz/

third-person singular of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading “Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.”

catholic adjective US /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading “It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.”

emerges verb US /ɪˈmɜːrdʒɪz/

third-person singular of “emerge” — come out into view, as from concealment

From this reading “It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.”

glows noun US /ɡloʊz/

plural of “glow” — an alert and refreshed state

From this reading “It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.”

nourishment noun US /ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt/

a source of materials to nourish the body

From this reading “Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.”

retires verb US /rɪˈtaɪrz/

third-person singular of “retire” — go into retirement; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position

From this reading “It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.”

skeptical adjective US /ˈskeptəkəl/

denying or questioning the tenets of especially a religion

From this reading “But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.”

ventures noun US /ˈventʃərz/

plural of “venture” — any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading “But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

affordsverbUS /əˈfɔːrdz/

third-person singular of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

catholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

CHILDRENnounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

congeals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

elementnounUS /ˈeləmənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

emergesverbUS /ɪˈmɜːrdʒɪz/

third-person singular of “emerge” — come out into view, as from concealment

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

emotionsnounUS /ɪˈmoʊʃənz/

plural of “emotion” — any strong feeling

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

glowsnounUS /ɡloʊz/

plural of “glow” — an alert and refreshed state

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

insomuchadverb

to such an extent or degree; so

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

LITERATUREnounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

nourishmentnounUS /ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt/

a source of materials to nourish the body

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

retiresverbUS /rɪˈtaɪrz/

third-person singular of “retire” — go into retirement; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

skepticaladjectiveUS /ˈskeptəkəl/

denying or questioning the tenets of especially a religion

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

sufferverbUS /ˈsʌfər/

undergo or be subjected to

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

venturesnounUS /ˈventʃərz/

plural of “venture” — any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

warmthnounUS /wɔːrmθ/

the sensation caused by heat energy

From this reading It is not the intellect, though it gives the intellect light; nor the emotions, though they receive their warmth from it.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Literature is that quality in books which affords delight and nourishment to the soul.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But this is a scientific and skeptical age, insomuch that one hardly ventures to take for granted that every reader will know what his soul is.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It is the most catholic and constant element of human nature, yet it bears no direct part in the practical affairs of life; it does not struggle, it does not even suffer; but merely emerges or retires, glows or congeals, according to the company in which it finds itself.

Chapter 3 of Confessions and Criticisms by Julian Hawthorne holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Confessions and Criticisms contain?

Chapter 3 holds 164 sentences of Confessions and Criticisms, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Confessions and Criticisms by Julian Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Confessions and Criticisms?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Confessions and Criticisms

Common questions about reading Confessions and Criticisms by Julian Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Confessions and Criticisms?

Yes. All 1728 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Confessions and Criticisms is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7431, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Confessions and Criticisms take to read?

About 144 minutes of reading across 346 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Confessions and Criticisms section by section

How to work through Confessions and Criticisms section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Confessions and Criticisms

Words and structures a reader meets early in Confessions and Criticisms, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Novels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Agnosticism
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Times
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.