Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Confessions and Criticisms
Confessions and Criticisms

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Confessions and Criticisms is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Confessions and Criticisms
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THEODORE WINTHROP'S WRITINGS.
On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.
These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.
They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.
The books seem to have been made to last,--to stand a great deal of reading.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Confessions and Criticisms

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Confessions and Criticisms is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THEODORE WINTHROP'S WRITINGS.
Line 2
On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.
Line 3
These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.
/ðiːz ɑːr ˈstaʊtli baʊnd ɪn ˈpɜːrpəl ˈmʌzlən wɪð ə stæmp ʌv ˈpɜːrʒən dɪˈzaɪn əˈperəntli ɑːn ðə ˈsentər ʌv iːtʃ ˈkʌvər/
Line 4
They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.
/ðeɪ ɑːr steɪnd ənd wɔːrn ənd ðə bæks hæv ˈfeɪdəd tuː ə ˈbraʊnɪʃ hjuː frʌm ɪkˈspoʊʒər tuː ðə laɪt ənd ə liːf ɪn wʌn ʌv ðə ˈvɑːljuːmz hæz bɪn tɔːrn əˈkrɔːs bʌt ðə ˈpeɪpər ənd ðə ˈsoʊɪŋ ənd ðə klɪr boʊld taɪp ɑːr stɪl æz ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl æz ˈevər/
Line 5
The books seem to have been made to last,--to stand a great deal of reading.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accessible adjective US /ækˈsesəbəl/

capable of being reached

From this reading “On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.”

brownish adjective US /ˈbraʊnɪʃ/

of a color similar to that of wood or earth

From this reading “They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.”

exposure noun US /ɪkˈspoʊʒər/

vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain

From this reading “They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.”

lapse verb US /læps/

pass into a specified state or condition

From this reading “On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.”

muslin noun US /ˈmʌzlən/

plain-woven cotton fabric

From this reading “These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.”

serviceable adjective US /ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl/

ready for service or able to give long service

From this reading “They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.”

stoutly adverb US /ˈstaʊtli/

in a resolute manner

From this reading “These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.”

writings noun US /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading “THEODORE WINTHROP'S WRITINGS.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

accessibleadjectiveUS /ækˈsesəbəl/

capable of being reached

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

book-shelf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading The books seem to have been made to last,--to stand a great deal of reading.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

brownishadjectiveUS /ˈbraʊnɪʃ/

of a color similar to that of wood or earth

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

contentsnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The books seem to have been made to last,--to stand a great deal of reading.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

exposurenounUS /ɪkˈspoʊʒər/

vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The books seem to have been made to last,--to stand a great deal of reading.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

huenounUS /hjuː/

the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

lapseverbUS /læps/

pass into a specified state or condition

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The books seem to have been made to last,--to stand a great deal of reading.

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The books seem to have been made to last,--to stand a great deal of reading.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

muslinnounUS /ˈmʌzlən/

plain-woven cotton fabric

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

PersiannounUS /ˈpɜːrʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

purplenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəl/

a purple color or pigment

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading The books seem to have been made to last,--to stand a great deal of reading.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The books seem to have been made to last,--to stand a great deal of reading.

serviceableadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl/

ready for service or able to give long service

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

sewingnounUS /ˈsoʊɪŋ/

joining or attaching by stitches

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

stainedadjectiveUS /steɪnd/

marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

stampverbUS /stæmp/

walk heavily

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

stoutlyadverbUS /ˈstaʊtli/

in a resolute manner

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

THEODORE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THEODORE WINTHROP'S WRITINGS.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

tolerablyadverb

in an acceptable (but not outstanding) manner

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

WINTHROP'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THEODORE WINTHROP'S WRITINGS.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These are stoutly bound in purple muslin, with a stamp, of Persian design apparently, on the centre of each cover.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading They are stained and worn, and the backs have faded to a brownish hue, from exposure to the light, and a leaf in one of the volumes has been torn across; but the paper and the sewing and the clear bold type are still as serviceable as ever.

WRITINGSnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading THEODORE WINTHROP'S WRITINGS.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading On an accessible book-shelf in my library, stand side by side four volumes whose contents I once knew by heart, and which, after the lapse of twenty years, are yet tolerably distinct in my memory.

Chapter 7 of Confessions and Criticisms by Julian Hawthorne holds 98 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Confessions and Criticisms contain?

Chapter 7 holds 98 sentences of Confessions and Criticisms, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Confessions and Criticisms by Julian Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 98 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Confessions and Criticisms?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Confessions and Criticisms

Common questions about reading Confessions and Criticisms by Julian Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Confessions and Criticisms?

Yes. All 1728 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Confessions and Criticisms is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7431, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Confessions and Criticisms take to read?

About 144 minutes of reading across 346 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Confessions and Criticisms section by section

How to work through Confessions and Criticisms section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Confessions and Criticisms to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Confessions and Criticisms

Words and structures a reader meets early in Confessions and Criticisms, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Novels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Agnosticism
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Times
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions and Criticisms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.