Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Confessions and Criticisms
Confessions and Criticisms

Chapter VII

Cover illustration for Confessions and Criticisms
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MR.
MALLOCK'S MISSING SCIENCE.
Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.
The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.
Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Confessions and Criticisms

Chapter VII

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MR.
Line 2
MALLOCK'S MISSING SCIENCE.
Line 3
Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.
Line 4
The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.
Line 5
Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Argument noun US /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a reason or example used to support an idea

From this reading “Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.”

Let auxiliary verb US /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading “Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

aims

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

analysis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a reason or example used to support an idea

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

author

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.

begins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

change

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

character

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

civilization

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

contents

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.

continuance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

criticising

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.

Democracy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

Democrats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

dependent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

destructive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

disturb

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

effecting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

essay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.

established

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

evil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

inequality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

institutions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.

logical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

MALLOCK'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MALLOCK'S MISSING SCIENCE.

MISSING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MALLOCK'S MISSING SCIENCE.

modern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

MR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MR.

natural

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

overturned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

present

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

principles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

pseudo-science

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

radical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

SCIENCE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MALLOCK'S MISSING SCIENCE.

sets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

show

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

social

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

state

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

summarize

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

things

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Before criticising Mr. Mallock's little essay, let us summarize its contents.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

wholesome

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

wish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having established the evil and destructive character of these things, he sets himself to show by logical argument that the present state of social inequality, which Democrats wish to disturb, is a natural and wholesome state; that the continuance of civilization is dependent upon it; and that it could only be overturned by effecting a radical change--not in human institutions, but in human character.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The author begins with an analysis of the aims, the principles, and the "pseudo-science" of modern Democracy.