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Confessions of a Thug
Confessions of a Thug

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Confessions of a Thug is here in full — 351 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.
No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.
I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.
You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.
I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Confessions of a Thug

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Confessions of a Thug is here in full — 351 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.
/frʌm ðæt ˈaʊər aɪ meɪd ə dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən tuː dɪˈstrɔɪ hɪm/
Line 2
No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.
/noʊ ˈsuːnər hæd aɪ riːtʃt ðə kæmp ðæn aɪ əˈsembəld ɔːl maɪ θʌɡz ənd leɪd bɪˈfɔːr ðem ə skiːm aɪ hæd lɔːŋ bɪn riˈvɑːlvɪŋ ɪn maɪ maɪnd/
Line 3
I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.
Line 4
You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.
Line 5
I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Brahmin noun US /ˈbrɑːmɪn/

a member of a social and cultural elite (especially a descendant of an old New England family)

From this reading “You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.”

fiend noun US /fiːnd/

a cruel wicked and inhuman person

From this reading “You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.”

impelled adjective US /ˌɪmˈpeld/

urged or forced to action through moral pressure

From this reading “You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.”

Khan noun US /kɑːn/

a title given to rulers or other important people in Asian countries

From this reading “I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.”

overtaking noun US /ˈoʊvərteɪkɪŋ/

going by something that is moving in order to get in front of it

From this reading “I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.”

revolving verb US /riˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “revolve” — turn on or around an axis or a center

From this reading “No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.”

Thugs noun US /θʌɡz/

plural of “thug” — an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading “No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.”

unfit adjective US /ənˈfɪt/

below the required standards for a purpose

From this reading “I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

Alla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

BrahminnounUS /ˈbrɑːmɪn/

a member of a social and cultural elite (especially a descendant of an old New England family)

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

brethrennounUS /ˈbreðrən/

(plural) the lay members of a male religious order

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

destroyverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

determinationnounUS /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

devilnounUS /ˈdevəl/

(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

fiendnounUS /fiːnd/

a cruel wicked and inhuman person

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

Ghuffoor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

ill-suppressed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

impelledadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpeld/

urged or forced to action through moral pressure

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

indignationnounUS /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

a feeling of righteous anger

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

Karinjah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

KhannounUS /kɑːn/

a title given to rulers or other important people in Asian countries

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

Motee

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

overtakingnounUS /ˈoʊvərteɪkɪŋ/

going by something that is moving in order to get in front of it

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

PeernounUS /pɪr/

a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

Pindharees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

retributiveadjective

of or relating to or having the nature of retribution

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

revolvingverbUS /riˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “revolve” — turn on or around an axis or a center

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

ThugsnounUS /θʌɡz/

plural of “thug” — an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading No sooner had I reached the camp than I assembled all my Thugs, and laid before them a scheme I had long been revolving in my mind.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From that hour I made a determination to destroy him.

unfitadjectiveUS /ənˈfɪt/

below the required standards for a purpose

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

urgeverbUS /ɜːrdʒ/

force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading I felt that Alla would sooner or later urge me on to be the humble means of a retributive justice overtaking him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

worstnounUS /wɜːrst/

the least favorable outcome

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading You, Motee and Peer Khan, remember the fate of the Brahmin girl at Karinjah; you may remember my ill-suppressed indignation, which then almost impelled me to destroy this fiend; and I would have done it, but that I felt his fate was not in my hands.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I spoke to them as follows: "You have seen, my brethren, that Ghuffoor Khan is a devil; such a person can hardly be called a man: bad as these Pindharees are, he is the worst among them, and is unfit to live.

Chapter 31 of Confessions of a Thug by Meadows Taylor holds 351 sentences, grouped into 71 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Confessions of a Thug contain?

Chapter 31 holds 351 sentences of Confessions of a Thug, unabridged, divided into 71 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Confessions of a Thug by Meadows Taylor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 351 sentences, grouped into 71 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Confessions of a Thug?

Work through the 71 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 71 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Confessions of a Thug

Common questions about reading Confessions of a Thug by Meadows Taylor on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Confessions of a Thug?

Yes. All 8887 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44881 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Confessions of a Thug is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44881, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Confessions of a Thug take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1778 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Confessions of a Thug section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Confessions of a Thug

Words and structures a reader meets early in Confessions of a Thug, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Confessions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions of a Thug; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Captain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions of a Thug; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Meadows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions of a Thug; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taylor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Confessions of a Thug; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.