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Conservation Reader
Conservation Reader

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Conservation Reader is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Conservation Reader
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.
But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.
Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.
How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?
We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Conservation Reader

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Conservation Reader is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.
/reɪnz stɪl fɔːl ɪn ðɪs ˈkʌntri ʌv ðə puːr ˈpiːpəl æz ðeɪ dɪd lɔːŋ əˈɡoʊ/
Line 2
But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.
/bʌt ðə ˈwɔːtərz ˈɡæðər ˈkwɪkli əˈpɑːn ðə ˌʌnprəˈtektɪd sloʊps ənd rʌn ɔːf ɪn ˈmʌdi ˈtɔːrənts ˈteɪkɪŋ əˈlɔːŋ sʌm ʌv ðə sɔɪl/
Line 3
Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.
/ðʌs iːtʃ səkˈsiːdɪŋ jɪr ðer ɪz les plænt fuːd fɔːr ðə krɑːps/
Line 4
How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?
Line 5
We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.
/wiː ɑːr ʃʊr frʌm wʌt wiː noʊ ʌv ˈneɪtʃərz weɪz ðæt ʃiː ɪz nɑːt ðə kɑːz ʌv ðə ˈtrʌbəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crops noun US /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading “Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.”

fruitful adjective US /ˈfruːtfəl/

productive or conducive to producing in abundance

From this reading “How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?”

muddy adjective US /ˈmʌdi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading “But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.”

Nature's noun US /ˈneɪtʃərz/

possessive form of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading “We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.”

Rains noun US /reɪnz/

plural of “rain” — water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading “Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.”

succeeding adjective US /səkˈsiːdɪŋ/

coming after or following

From this reading “Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.”

torrents noun US /ˈtɔːrənts/

plural of “torrent” — a heavy rain

From this reading “But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.”

unprotected adjective US /ˌʌnprəˈtektɪd/

lacking protection or defense

From this reading “But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

run off verb + particle

run away; usually includes taking something or somebody along

In this reading “But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.”

Poor People adjective + noun

people without possessions or wealth (considered as a group)

In this reading “Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.”

fall in verb + particle

break down, literally or metaphorically

In this reading “Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

cropsnounUS /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

fruitfuladjectiveUS /ˈfruːtfəl/

productive or conducive to producing in abundance

From this reading How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?

gatherverbUS /ˈɡæðər/

assemble or get together

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

muddyadjectiveUS /ˈmʌdi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

Nature'snounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

possessive form of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

RainsnounUS /reɪnz/

plural of “rain” — water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading How did this country, once rich and fruitful, become so barren?

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

succeedingadjectiveUS /səkˈsiːdɪŋ/

coming after or following

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Rains still fall in this country of the Poor People, as they did long ago.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

torrentsnounUS /ˈtɔːrənts/

plural of “torrent” — a heavy rain

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

unprotectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnprəˈtektɪd/

lacking protection or defense

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading But the waters gather quickly upon the unprotected slopes and run off in muddy torrents, taking along some of the soil.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading We are sure from what we know of Nature's ways that she is not the cause of the trouble.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Thus each succeeding year there is less plant food for the crops.

Chapter 2 of Conservation Reader by Harold W. (Harold Wellman) Fairbanks holds 423 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Conservation Reader contain?

Chapter 2 holds 423 sentences of Conservation Reader, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Conservation Reader by Harold W. (Harold Wellman) Fairbanks exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 423 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Conservation Reader?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Conservation Reader

Common questions about reading Conservation Reader by Harold W. (Harold Wellman) Fairbanks on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Conservation Reader?

Yes. All 2525 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26935 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Conservation Reader is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26935, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Conservation Reader take to read?

About 210 minutes of reading across 505 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Conservation Reader section by section

How to work through Conservation Reader section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Conservation Reader to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Conservation Reader

Words and structures a reader meets early in Conservation Reader, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Conservation Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Geography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Conservation Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Conservation Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Conservation Reader; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.