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Control Group
Control Group

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Control Group is here in full — 313 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Control Group
Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."
That's what the Handbook said.
But did that include primitive humans?
Or the Bees?
Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Control Group

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Control Group is here in full — 313 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."
/ˈeni ˈprɑːbləm poʊzd baɪ wʌn ɡruːp ʌv ˈhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋz kæn biː riˈzɑːlvd baɪ ˈeni ˈʌðər ɡruːp/
Line 2
That's what the Handbook said.
Line 3
But did that include primitive humans?
/bʌt dɪd ðæt ˌɪnˈkluːd ˈprɪmətɪv ˈhjuːmənz/
Line 4
Or the Bees?
/ɔːr ðə biːz/
Line 5
Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arid adjective US /ˈærəd/

lacking sufficient water or rainfall

From this reading “Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.”

disk noun US /dɪsk/

something with a round shape resembling a flat circular plate

From this reading “Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.”

Handbook noun US /ˈhændbʊk/

a concise reference book providing specific information about a subject or location

From this reading “That's what the Handbook said.”

humans noun US /ˈhjuːmənz/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading “But did that include primitive humans?”

planets noun US /ˈplænəts/

plural of “planet” — (astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

From this reading “Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.”

posed adjective US /poʊzd/

arranged for pictorial purposes

From this reading “_"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."”

specifically adverb US /spəˈsɪfɪkli/

in distinction from others

From this reading “Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.”

stinking adjective US /ˈstɪŋkɪŋ/

very bad

From this reading “Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

aheadadverbUS /əˈhed/

at or in the front

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

airyadjectiveUS /ˈeri/

open to or abounding in fresh air

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

Alphard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

AnyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

aridadjectiveUS /ˈærəd/

lacking sufficient water or rainfall

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

BeesnounUS /biːz/

plural of “bee” — any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species

From this reading Or the Bees?

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But did that include primitive humans?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

designedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪnd/

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

desolationnounUS /ˌdesəˈleɪʃən/

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading But did that include primitive humans?

disknounUS /dɪsk/

something with a round shape resembling a flat circular plate

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

HandbooknounUS /ˈhændbʊk/

a concise reference book providing specific information about a subject or location

From this reading That's what the Handbook said.

hard-earned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

humansnounUS /ˈhjuːmənz/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading But did that include primitive humans?

includeverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːd/

have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading But did that include primitive humans?

infinitelyadverbUS /ˈɪnfənətli/

without bounds

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

inneradjectiveUS /ˈɪnər/

located inward

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

jewelnounUS /ˈdʒuːəl/

a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Or the Bees?

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

planetsnounUS /ˈplænəts/

plural of “planet” — (astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

posedadjectiveUS /poʊzd/

arranged for pictorial purposes

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading But did that include primitive humans?

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading _"Any problem posed by one group of human beings can be resolved by any other group."

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading That's what the Handbook said.

screennounUS /skriːn/

a white or silvered surface where pictures can be projected for viewing

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

SixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

specificallyadverbUS /spəˈsɪfɪkli/

in distinction from others

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

stinkingadjectiveUS /ˈstɪŋkɪŋ/

very bad

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

swamplands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But did that include primitive humans?

That's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That's what the Handbook said.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading That's what the Handbook said.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading That's what the Handbook said.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Or a ..._ The cool green disk of Alphard Six on the screen was infinitely welcome after the arid desolation and stinking swamplands of the inner planets, an airy jewel of a world that might have been designed specifically for the hard-earned month of rest ahead.

Chapter 1 of Control Group by Roger D. Aycock holds 313 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Control Group contain?

Chapter 1 holds 313 sentences of Control Group, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Control Group by Roger D. Aycock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 313 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Control Group?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Control Group

Common questions about reading Control Group by Roger D. Aycock on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Control Group?

Yes. All 313 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24949 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Control Group is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24949, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Control Group take to read?

About 26 minutes of reading across 63 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Control Group section by section

How to work through Control Group section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Control Group to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Control Group

Words and structures a reader meets early in Control Group, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Problem
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Control Group; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Posed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Control Group; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Group
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Control Group; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Control Group; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.