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Counsel for the Defense
Counsel for the Defense

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Counsel for the Defense is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
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THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.
It was as yet semi-pastoral, semi-urban.
Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.
There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.
There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Counsel for the Defense

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Counsel for the Defense is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.
Line 2
It was as yet semi-pastoral, semi-urban.
Line 3
Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.
Line 4
There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.
Line 5
There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arcadian noun US /ˌɑːrˈkeɪdiən/

an inhabitant of Arcadia

From this reading “There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.”

axle noun US /ˈæksəl/

a shaft on which a wheel rotates

From this reading “There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.”

bartered verb US /ˈbɑːrtərd/

past form of “barter” — exchange goods without involving money

From this reading “There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.”

baubles noun US /ˈbɔːbəlz/

plural of “bauble” — a mock scepter carried by a court jester

From this reading “There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.”

elite noun US /ɪˈliːt/

a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status

From this reading “There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.”

hubs noun US /hʌbz/

plural of “hub” — the central part of a car wheel (or fan or propeller etc) through which the shaft or axle passes

From this reading “Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.”

ragweed noun US /ˈræɡwiːd/

widespread European weed having yellow daisylike flowers; sometimes an obnoxious weed and toxic to cattle if consumed in quantity

From this reading “THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.”

stockbroker's noun US /ˈstɑːkbroʊkərz/

possessive form of “stockbroker” — an agent in the buying and selling of stocks and bonds

From this reading “There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

adjoiningverbUS /əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “adjoin” — lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

ArcadiannounUS /ˌɑːrˈkeɪdiən/

an inhabitant of Arcadia

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

AutomobilesnounUS /ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːlz/

plural of “automobile” — a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

axlenounUS /ˈæksəl/

a shaft on which a wheel rotates

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

barteredverbUS /ˈbɑːrtərd/

past form of “barter” — exchange goods without involving money

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

baublesnounUS /ˈbɔːbəlz/

plural of “bauble” — a mock scepter carried by a court jester

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

bootsnounUS /buːts/

plural of “boot” — footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

brotherlyadjectiveUS /ˈbrʌðərli/

like or characteristic of or befitting a brother

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

BrothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

BUBBLEverbUS /ˈbʌbəl/

form, produce, or emit bubbles

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

cowhidenoun

leather made from the hide of a cow

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

DespiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

disinterestedadjectiveUS /dɪˈsɪntrɪstɪd/

unaffected by self-interest

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

editornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

elitenounUS /ɪˈliːt/

a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

embraceverbUS /emˈbreɪs/

include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

ExpressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

facilitiesnounUS /fəˈsɪlətiz/

plural of “facility” — a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

FortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

greasenounUS /ɡriːs/

a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

half-evolved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

hayrakes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

hick'ry-shirted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

highwaysnounUS /ˈhaɪweɪz/

plural of “highway” — a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

hubsnounUS /hʌbz/

plural of “hub” — the central part of a car wheel (or fan or propeller etc) through which the shaft or axle passes

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was as yet semi-pastoral, semi-urban.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

lockedverbUS /lɑːkt/

past form of “lock” — fasten with a lock

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

lotsnounUS /lɑːts/

a large number or amount

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

loyallyadverbUS /ˈlɔɪəli/

with loyalty; in a loyal manner

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

metropolitanadjectiveUS /ˌmetrəˈpɑːlətən/

relating to or characteristic of a metropolis

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

overgrownadjectiveUS /ˌoʊvərˈɡroʊn/

covered with growing plants

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

pastimenounUS /ˈpæstaɪm/

a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly)

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

patentverbUS /ˈpætənt/

obtain a patent for

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

politicsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

ragweednounUS /ˈræɡwiːd/

widespread European weed having yellow daisylike flowers; sometimes an obnoxious weed and toxic to cattle if consumed in quantity

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

relievingverbUS /rɪˈliːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “relieve” — provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

REPUTATIONnounUS /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

richesnounUS /ˈrɪtʃəz/

an abundance of material possessions and resources

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

salenounUS /seɪl/

a particular instance of selling

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

semi-pastoral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as yet semi-pastoral, semi-urban.

semi-urban

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as yet semi-pastoral, semi-urban.

sharedadjectiveUS /ʃerd/

have in common; held or experienced in common

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

sidewalksnounUS /ˈsaɪdwɔːks/

plural of “sidewalk” — walk consisting of a paved area for pedestrians; usually beside a street or roadway

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

SimpsonnounUS /ˈsɪmpsən/

United States divorcee whose marriage to Edward VIII created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

stockbroker'snounUS /ˈstɑːkbroʊkərz/

possessive form of “stockbroker” — an agent in the buying and selling of stocks and bonds

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

threshingnoun

the separation of grain or seeds from the husks and straw

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

topicsnounUS /ˈtɑːpɪks/

plural of “topic” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

tribulationnounUS /ˌtrɪbjəˈleɪʃən/

an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading Automobiles and farm wagons locked hubs in brotherly embrace upon its highways; cowhide boots and patent leather shared its sidewalks.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

Westville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BUBBLE REPUTATION Despite its thirty thousand population--"Forty thousand, and growing, sir!" loyally declared those disinterested citizens engaged in the sale of remote fields of ragweed as building lots--Westville was still but half-evolved from its earlier state of an overgrown country town.

wherein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a stockbroker's office that was thoroughly metropolitan in the facilities it afforded the elite for relieving themselves of the tribulation of riches; and adjoining it was Simpson Brothers & Company, wherein hick'ry-shirted gentlemen bartered for threshing machines, hayrakes, axle grease, and such like baubles of Arcadian pastime.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There were three topics on which one could always start an argument in Westville--politics, religion, and the editor of the _Express_.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It was as yet semi-pastoral, semi-urban.

Chapter 2 of Counsel for the Defense by Leroy Scott holds 211 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Counsel for the Defense contain?

Chapter 2 holds 211 sentences of Counsel for the Defense, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Counsel for the Defense by Leroy Scott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 211 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Counsel for the Defense?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of Counsel for the Defense?

Yes. All 6790 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28820 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #28820, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Counsel for the Defense take to read?

About 565 minutes of reading across 1358 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Counsel for the Defense

Words and structures a reader meets early in Counsel for the Defense, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Shears
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Counsel for the Defense; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Destiny
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Counsel for the Defense; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Counsel for the Defense; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Delegate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Counsel for the Defense; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.