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Country Walks of a Naturalist with His
Country Walks of a Naturalist with His

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Country Walks of a Naturalist with His
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?
They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.
Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.
Here, for instance, is _Flammula carbonaria_ abundant.
On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Country Walks of a Naturalist with His

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?
Line 2
They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.
/ðeɪ ɑːr ˈpleɪsəz wer wʊd hæz bɪn bɜːrnt fɔːr ˈtʃɑːrkoʊl/
Line 3
Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.
Line 4
Here, for instance, is _Flammula carbonaria_ abundant.
Line 5
On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.
/ɑːn ðiːz ˈtʃɑːrkoʊl spɑːts ðɪs ˈfʌŋɡəs dɪˈlaɪts tuː ɡroʊ ənd aɪ duː nɑːt θɪŋk juː wɪl faɪnd ɪt ˈelswer/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abundant adjective US /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading “Here, for instance, is _Flammula carbonaria_ abundant.”

charcoal noun US /ˈtʃɑːrkoʊl/

a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air

From this reading “They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.”

circular adjective US /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

having the shape or form of a circle

From this reading “What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?”

delights noun US /dɪˈlaɪts/

plural of “delight” — a feeling of extreme pleasure or satisfaction

From this reading “On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.”

diameter noun US /daɪˈæmətər/

the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference

From this reading “What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?”

fungus noun US /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia

From this reading “On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.”

plants noun US /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading “Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.”

spots noun US /spɑːts/

spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens

From this reading “What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abundantadjectiveUS /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading Here, for instance, is _Flammula carbonaria_ abundant.

AlwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

anywhereadverbUS /ˈeniwer/

at or in or to any place

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

burntadjectiveUS /bɜːrnt/

ruined by overcooking

From this reading They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.

carbonaria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here, for instance, is _Flammula carbonaria_ abundant.

charcoalnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrkoʊl/

a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air

From this reading They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.

circularadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

having the shape or form of a circle

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

delightsnounUS /dɪˈlaɪts/

plural of “delight” — a feeling of extreme pleasure or satisfaction

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

diameternounUS /daɪˈæmətər/

the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

examineverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

Flammula

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here, for instance, is _Flammula carbonaria_ abundant.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

fungusnounUS /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here, for instance, is _Flammula carbonaria_ abundant.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Here, for instance, is _Flammula carbonaria_ abundant.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here, for instance, is _Flammula carbonaria_ abundant.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.

plantsnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

spotsnounUS /spɑːts/

spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading On these charcoal spots this fungus delights to grow, and I do not think you will find it elsewhere.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading They are places where wood has been burnt for charcoal.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

Wrekin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading What are those black circular spots some four or five yards in diameter, so common in the woods of the Wrekin?

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Always examine such spots, as you may find rare plants growing upon them which scarcely grow anywhere else.

Chapter 4 of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His by W. (William) Houghton holds 419 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His contain?

Chapter 4 holds 419 sentences of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His by W. (William) Houghton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 419 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Country Walks of a Naturalist with His

Common questions about reading Country Walks of a Naturalist with His by W. (William) Houghton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His?

Yes. All 1958 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23941 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23941, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Country Walks of a Naturalist with His take to read?

About 163 minutes of reading across 392 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Country Walks of a Naturalist with His section by section

How to work through Country Walks of a Naturalist with His section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Country Walks of a Naturalist with His

Words and structures a reader meets early in Country Walks of a Naturalist with His, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Children
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Houghton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rector
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Country Walks of a Naturalist with His; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.