Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Courts and Criminals
Courts and Criminals

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Courts and Criminals is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Courts and Criminals
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.
It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.
Indeed, thus it probably appears to them.
But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.
In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Courts and Criminals

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Courts and Criminals is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.
Line 2
It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.
/ɪt ɪz ənˈnesəseri tuː ˈkwestʃən ðə ˈɑːnəsti ʌv ðoʊz huː ðʌs ˈpɪktʃər ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ʌv ˈkrɪmənəl ˈdʒʌstəs ɪn əˈmerəkə/
Line 3
Indeed, thus it probably appears to them.
/ˌɪnˈdiːd ðʌs ɪt ˈprɑːbəbliː əˈpɪrz tuː ðem/
Line 4
But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.
/bʌt bɪˈfɔːr sʌtʃ æn ərˈeɪnmənt ʌv ˈprezənt kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn ə ˈhaɪli ˈsɪvəlaɪzd ənd prəˈɡresɪv ˈneɪʃən ɪz ækˈseptɪd æz ˈfaɪnəl ɪt ɪz wel tuː ɪɡˈzæmɪn ˈɪntuː ɪts ɪnˈhɪrənt ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiːz ənd test ɪt baɪ wʌt wiː noʊ ʌv ðə ˈæktʃəwəl fækts/
Line 5
In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.
/ɪn ðə fɜːrst pleɪs ɪt ʃʊd biː rɪˈmembərd ðæt ðə ˈdʒʊri wɑːz ˈɪnstətuːtɪd ənd dɪˈzaɪnd tuː prəˈtekt ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈfriːmən frʌm ˈtɪrəni əˈpɑːn ðə pɑːrt ʌv ðə kraʊn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arraignment noun US /ərˈeɪnmənt/

a legal document calling someone to court to answer an indictment

From this reading “But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.”

cravings noun US /ˈkreɪvɪŋz/

plural of “craving” — an intense desire for some particular thing

From this reading “For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.”

indictment noun US /ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

a formal document written for a prosecuting attorney charging a person with some offense

From this reading “For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.”

instituted verb US /ˈɪnstətuːtɪd/

past form of “institute” — set up or lay the groundwork for

From this reading “In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.”

juries noun US /ˈdʒʊriz/

plural of “jury” — a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

From this reading “For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.”

probabilities noun US /ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiːz/

plural of “probability” — a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible

From this reading “But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.”

sexuality noun US /ˌsekʃuːˈæləti/

the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles

From this reading “For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.”

specification noun US /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of work

From this reading “For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

administrationnounUS /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Indeed, thus it probably appears to them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

arraignmentnounUS /ərˈeɪnmənt/

a legal document calling someone to court to answer an indictment

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

buffoonerynoun

acting like a clown or buffoon

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

civilizedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

cravingsnounUS /ˈkreɪvɪŋz/

plural of “craving” — an intense desire for some particular thing

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

criminaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmənəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

crowdsnounUS /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

cynicaladjectiveUS /ˈsɪnɪkəl/

believing the worst of human nature and motives; having a sneering disbelief in e.g. selflessness of others

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

designedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪnd/

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

detailsnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

disregardverbUS /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrd/

refuse to acknowledge

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

examineverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

flocknounUS /flɑːk/

a church congregation guided by a pastor

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

freemannounUS /ˈfriːmən/

a person who is not a serf or a slave

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

grotesqueadjectiveUS /ɡroʊˈtesk/

distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal and hideous

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

honestynounUS /ˈɑːnəsti/

the quality of being honest

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

imaginationsnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “imagination” — the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, thus it probably appears to them.

indictmentnounUS /ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

a formal document written for a prosecuting attorney charging a person with some offense

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

inherentadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

institutedverbUS /ˈɪnstətuːtɪd/

past form of “institute” — set up or lay the groundwork for

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

juriesnounUS /ˈdʒʊriz/

plural of “jury” — a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

jurynounUS /ˈdʒʊri/

a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

merrimentnoun

a gay feeling

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

morbidadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrbəd/

suggesting an unhealthy mental state

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

oathsnounUS /oʊðz/

plural of “oath” — profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

probabilitiesnounUS /ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiːz/

plural of “probability” — a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Indeed, thus it probably appears to them.

progressiveadjectiveUS /prəˈɡresɪv/

favoring or promoting progress

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

protectverbUS /prəˈtekt/

shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

recklesslyadverbUS /ˈrekləsli/

in a reckless manner

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

satisfyverbUS /ˈsætəsfaɪ/

meet the requirements or expectations of

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

sexualitynounUS /ˌsekʃuːˈæləti/

the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

specificationnounUS /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of work

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

testnounUS /test/

trying something to find out about it

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Indeed, thus it probably appears to them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

trialsnounUS /ˈtraɪəlz/

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

twenty-fiveadjectiveUS /ˈtwentifaɪv/

being five more than twenty

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

tyrannynounUS /ˈtɪrəni/

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

unnecessaryadjectiveUS /ənˈnesəseri/

not necessary

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the first place, it should be remembered that the jury was instituted and designed to protect the English freeman from tyranny upon the part of the crown.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But before such an arraignment of present conditions in a highly civilized and progressive nation is accepted as final, it is well to examine into its inherent probabilities and test it by what we know of the actual facts.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It is unnecessary to question the honesty of those who thus picture the administration of criminal justice in America.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For the past twenty-five years we have heard the cry upon all sides that the jury system is a failure, and to this general indictment is frequently added the specification that the trials in our higher courts of criminal justice are the scenes of grotesque buffoonery and merriment, where cynical juries recklessly disregard their oaths and where morbid crowds flock to satisfy the cravings of their imaginations for details of blood and sexuality.

Chapter 3 of Courts and Criminals by Arthur Cheney Train holds 99 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Courts and Criminals contain?

Chapter 3 holds 99 sentences of Courts and Criminals, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Courts and Criminals by Arthur Cheney Train exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 99 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Courts and Criminals?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Courts and Criminals

Common questions about reading Courts and Criminals by Arthur Cheney Train on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Courts and Criminals?

Yes. All 2667 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5268 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Courts and Criminals is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5268, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Courts and Criminals take to read?

About 222 minutes of reading across 534 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Courts and Criminals section by section

How to work through Courts and Criminals section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Courts and Criminals to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Courts and Criminals

Words and structures a reader meets early in Courts and Criminals, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Courts and Criminals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
To-do
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Courts and Criminals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Courts and Criminals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ill-omened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Courts and Criminals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.