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Cowley's Essays
Cowley's Essays

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Cowley's Essays is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
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INTRODUCTION.
ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.
Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.
He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.
The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cowley's Essays

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Cowley's Essays is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INTRODUCTION.
/ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/
Line 2
ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.
Line 3
Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.
Line 4
He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.
Line 5
The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.
/ðə ˈsevənθ tʃaɪld bɔːrn bɪˈfɔːr ðə end ʌv ðə seɪm jɪr wɑːz neɪmd ˈeɪbrəhæm ənd lɪvd tuː teɪk haɪ pleɪs əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈpoʊəts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abraham noun US /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading “ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.”

citizen noun US /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading “ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.”

introduction noun US /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading “INTRODUCTION.”

parish noun US /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading “ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.”

provision noun US /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading “He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.”

seventh adjective US /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading “The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.”

stationer noun US /ˈsteɪʃənər/

a merchant who sells writing materials and office supplies

From this reading “ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.”

unborn adjective US /ˈʌnˈbɔːrn/

not yet brought into existence

From this reading “He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

11th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

1618

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

24th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

ABRAHAMnounUS /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

Audrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

Cheapside

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

citizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

COWLEY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

INTRODUCTIONnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading INTRODUCTION.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

Katherine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

lenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

MichaelnounUS /ˈmaɪkəl/

(Old Testament) the guardian archangel of the Jews

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

PoetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

Querne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

seventhadjectiveUS /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

signedadjectiveUS /saɪnd/

having a handwritten signature

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

stationernounUS /ˈsteɪʃənər/

a merchant who sells writing materials and office supplies

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

Thomasine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

unbornadjectiveUS /ˈʌnˈbɔːrn/

not yet brought into existence

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ABRAHAM COWLEY was the son of Thomas Cowley, stationer, and citizen of London in the parish of St. Michael le Querne, Cheapside.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

widownounUS /ˈwɪdoʊ/

a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Thomas Cowley signed his will on the 24th of July, 1618, and it was proved on the 11th of the next month by his widow, Thomasine.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He left six children, Peter, Audrey, John, William, Katherine, and Thomas, with a child unborn for whom the will made equal provision with the rest.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The seventh child, born before the end of the same year, was named Abraham, and lived to take high place among the English Poets.

Chapter 1 of Cowley's Essays by Abraham Cowley holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Cowley's Essays contain?

Chapter 1 holds 400 sentences of Cowley's Essays, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Cowley's Essays by Abraham Cowley exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Cowley's Essays?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cowley's Essays

Common questions about reading Cowley's Essays by Abraham Cowley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cowley's Essays?

Yes. All 1204 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3549 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cowley's Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3549, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cowley's Essays take to read?

About 100 minutes of reading across 241 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cowley's Essays section by section

How to work through Cowley's Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of Cowley's Essays to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cowley's Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cowley's Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cowley's Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Abraham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cowley's Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cowley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cowley's Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thomas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cowley's Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.