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Cowley's Essays
Cowley's Essays

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Cowley's Essays is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”
I.
A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.
The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.
She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cowley's Essays

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Cowley's Essays is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”
Line 2
I.
/aɪ/
Line 3
A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.
Line 4
The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venusarts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.
Line 5
She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amorous adjective US /ˈæmərəs/

inclined toward or displaying love

From this reading “She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.”

beguiled adjective US /bɪˈɡaɪld/

filled with wonder and delight

From this reading “The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.”

bolts noun US /boʊlts/

plural of “bolt” — a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder

From this reading “A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.”

horace's noun US /ˈhɔːrəsəz/

possessive form of “horace” — Roman lyric poet said to have influenced English poetry (65-8 BC)

magical adjective US /ˈmædʒɪkəl/

possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural powers

From this reading “She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.”

ode noun US /oʊd/

a lyric poem with complex stanza forms

From this reading “A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.””

paraphrase noun US /ˈperəfreɪz/

rewording for the purpose of clarification

From this reading “A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.””

receipt noun US /rɪˈsiːt/

the act of receiving

From this reading “She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

ahenea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

almightyship

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

amorousadjectiveUS /ˈæmərəs/

inclined toward or displaying love

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

barsnounUS /bɑːrz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of two parallel wooden rods supported on uprights

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

BEGINNINGnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

beguiledadjectiveUS /bɪˈɡaɪld/

filled with wonder and delight

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

boltsnounUS /boʊlts/

plural of “bolt” — a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

BOOKnounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

brassnounUS /bræs/

an alloy of copper and zinc

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

Danaen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

guardsnounUS /ɡɑːrdz/

plural of “guard” — a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

helpedverbUS /helpt/

past form of “help” — give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

HORACE'SnounUS /ˈhɔːrəsəz/

possessive form of “horace” — Roman lyric poet said to have influenced English poetry (65-8 BC)

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

Inclusam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

jealousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒeləs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

Jovenoun

(Roman mythology) supreme god of Romans; counterpart of Greek Zeus

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

laughedverbUS /læft/

past form of “laugh” — produce laughter

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

locksnounUS /lɑːks/

plural of “lock” — a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

magicaladjectiveUS /ˈmædʒɪkəl/

possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural powers

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

maidenhoodnoun

the childhood of a girl

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

Mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

ODEnounUS /oʊd/

a lyric poem with complex stanza forms

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

PARAPHRASEnounUS /ˈperəfreɪz/

rewording for the purpose of clarification

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

receiptnounUS /rɪˈsiːt/

the act of receiving

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

sleptverbUS /slept/

inflected form of “sleep” — be asleep

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

smiledverbUS /smaɪld/

past form of “smile” — change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

spareverbUS /sper/

refrain from harming

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

strictadjectiveUS /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

strongeradjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋər/

comparative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

taughtverbUS /tɔːt/

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

ThanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

THIRDnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

thunderverbUS /ˈθʌndər/

move fast, noisily, and heavily

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

THUSadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

TOWERnounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

turris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A PARAPHRASE ON AN ODE IN HORACE’S THIRD BOOK, BEGINNING THUS:— “_Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea_.”

VenusnounUS /ˈviːnəs/

the second nearest planet to the sun

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The jealous father thought he well might spare All further jealous care; And as he walked, to himself alone he smiled To think how Venus’ arts he had beguiled; And when he slept his rest was deep, But Venus laughed to see and hear him sleep.

WhichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading She taught the amorous Jove A magical receipt in love, Which armed him stronger and which helped him more Than all his thunder did and his almightyship before.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading A TOWER of brass, one would have said, And locks, and bolts, and iron bars, And guards as strict as in the heat of wars Might have preserved one innocent maidenhood.

Chapter 3 of Cowley's Essays by Abraham Cowley holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Cowley's Essays contain?

Chapter 3 holds 402 sentences of Cowley's Essays, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Cowley's Essays by Abraham Cowley exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Cowley's Essays?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cowley's Essays

Common questions about reading Cowley's Essays by Abraham Cowley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cowley's Essays?

Yes. All 1204 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3549 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cowley's Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3549, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cowley's Essays take to read?

About 100 minutes of reading across 241 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cowley's Essays section by section

How to work through Cowley's Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of Cowley's Essays to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cowley's Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cowley's Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cowley's Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Abraham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cowley's Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cowley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cowley's Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thomas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cowley's Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.