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Cowmen and Rustlers
Cowmen and Rustlers

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Cowmen and Rustlers is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WHY IT WAS DONE.
The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.
Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.
Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:
"I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cowmen and Rustlers

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Cowmen and Rustlers is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WHY IT WAS DONE.
/waɪ ɪt wɑːz dʌn/
Line 2
The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.
/ðə ˈjeloʊ rɪˈflekʃən ʌv ðə ˈkændəl lɪt ʌp ə ɡruːp ʌv ˈwʌndərɪŋ ˈfeɪsəz ðæt wɜːr tɜːrnd əˈpɑːn ðə ˈmʌðər huː stʊd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ʌv ðə ruːm/
Line 3
Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.
/hɜːr ˈkaʊntənəns wɑːz peɪl fɔːr ʃiː hæd pæst θruː ə ɡreɪt diːl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst ˈhæfaʊər tuː seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ ʌv ðæt wɪtʃ prɪˈsiːdɪd ɪt/
Line 4
Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:
/bɪˈfɔːr ˈeni wʌn kʊd freɪm ðə ˈkwestʃənz ɪn hɪz maɪnd ʃiː ɪkˈspleɪnz/
Line 5
"I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

candle noun US /ˈkændəl/

stick of wax with a wick in the middle

From this reading “The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.”

explains verb US /ɪkˈspleɪnz/

third-person singular of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading “Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:”

frame verb US /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading “Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:”

half-hour noun US /ˈhæfaʊər/

a half of an hour

From this reading “Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.”

lit adjective US /lɪt/

provided with artificial light

From this reading “The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.”

preceded verb US /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “precede” — be earlier in time; go back further

From this reading “Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.”

reflection noun US /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading “The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.”

wondering adjective US /ˈwʌndərɪŋ/

showing curiosity

From this reading “The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

candlenounUS /ˈkændəl/

stick of wax with a wick in the middle

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

consentnounUS /kənˈsent/

permission to do something

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

DONEadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading WHY IT WAS DONE.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

explainsverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnz/

third-person singular of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

half-hournounUS /ˈhæfaʊər/

a half of an hour

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

ITpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading WHY IT WAS DONE.

Jennie's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

litadjectiveUS /lɪt/

provided with artificial light

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

precededverbUS /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “precede” — be earlier in time; go back further

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading Before any one could frame the questions in his mind, she explains:

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

WASauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WHY IT WAS DONE.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Her countenance was pale, for she had passed through a great deal during the last half-hour, to say nothing of that which preceded it.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

WHYnounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading WHY IT WAS DONE.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "I am not sure I have done right, but Jennie's departure was with my consent.

wonderingadjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərɪŋ/

showing curiosity

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading The yellow reflection of the candle lit up a group of wondering faces that were turned upon the mother, who stood in the middle of the room.

Chapter 31 of Cowmen and Rustlers by Edward Sylvester Ellis holds 82 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Cowmen and Rustlers contain?

Chapter 31 holds 82 sentences of Cowmen and Rustlers, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Cowmen and Rustlers by Edward Sylvester Ellis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 82 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Cowmen and Rustlers?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cowmen and Rustlers

Common questions about reading Cowmen and Rustlers by Edward Sylvester Ellis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cowmen and Rustlers?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cowmen and Rustlers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cowmen and Rustlers take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Cowmen and Rustlers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cowmen and Rustlers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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