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Cowper
Cowper

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Cowper is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cowper
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SHORT POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS.
The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.
Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.
Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.
"My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cowper

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Cowper is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SHORT POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS.
/ʃɔːrt ˈpoʊəmz ənd trænzˈleɪʃənz/
Line 2
The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.
/ðə tæsk wɑːz nɑːt kwaɪt ˈfɪnɪʃt wen ðə ˈɪnfluːəns wɪtʃ hæd ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ɪt wɑːz wɪθˈdrɔːn/
Line 3
Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.
/əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈmɪstəriz ənd ˈskændəlz ʌv ˈlɪtəreri ˈhɪstəri ɪz ðə ˈrʌptʃər bɪˈtwiːn ˈkaʊpər ənd ˈleɪdi ˈɔːstɪn/
Line 4
Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.
Line 5
"My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.
/maɪ ˈletərz hæv ɔːlˈredi əˈpraɪzd juː ʌv ðæt kloʊs ənd ˈɪntəmət kəˈnekʃən ðæt tʊk pleɪs bɪˈtwiːn ðə ˈleɪdi juː ˈvɪzɪtɪd ɪn kwiːn æn striːt ənd ʌs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apprised verb US /əˈpraɪzd/

past form of “apprise” — inform (somebody) of something

From this reading “"My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.”

commencement noun US /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading “Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.”

connexion noun US /kəˈnekʃən/

a connecting shape

From this reading “"My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.”

Cowper noun US /ˈkaʊpər/

English surgeon who discovered Cowper's gland (1666-1709)

From this reading “Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.”

fracas noun US /ˈfreɪkəs/

noisy quarrel

From this reading “Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.”

rupture verb US /ˈrʌptʃər/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading “Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.”

scandals noun US /ˈskændəlz/

plural of “scandal” — disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people

From this reading “Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.”

translations noun US /trænzˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “translation” — a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading “SHORT POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SHORT POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS.

AnnenounUS /æn/

Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

apprisedverbUS /əˈpraɪzd/

past form of “apprise” — inform (somebody) of something

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

AustennounUS /ˈɔːstɪn/

English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

commencementnounUS /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

connexionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a connecting shape

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

CowpernounUS /ˈkaʊpər/

English surgeon who discovered Cowper's gland (1666-1709)

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

fracasnounUS /ˈfreɪkəs/

noisy quarrel

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

intimateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntəmət/

marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

mysteriesnounUS /ˈmɪstəriz/

plural of “mystery” — something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

POEMSnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading SHORT POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

ruptureverbUS /ˈrʌptʃər/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

scandalsnounUS /ˈskændəlz/

plural of “scandal” — disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people

From this reading Among the little mysteries and scandals of literary history is the rupture between Cowper and Lady Austen.

SHORTadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading SHORT POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS.

SoonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

TRANSLATIONSnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “translation” — a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading SHORT POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS.

Unwin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after the commencement of their friendship there had been a "fracas," of which Cowper gives an account in a letter to William Unwin.

withdrawnadjectiveUS /wɪθˈdrɔːn/

withdrawn from society; seeking solitude

From this reading The task was not quite finished when the influence which had inspired it was withdrawn.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "My letters have already apprised you of that close and intimate connexion, that took place between the lady you visited in Queen Anne Street and us.

Chapter 6 of Cowper by Goldwin Smith holds 144 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Cowper contain?

Chapter 6 holds 144 sentences of Cowper, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Cowper by Goldwin Smith exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 144 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Cowper?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cowper

Common questions about reading Cowper by Goldwin Smith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cowper?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cowper is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cowper take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cowper section by section

How to work through Cowper section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Cowper to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cowper

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cowper, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Cowper, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Cowper, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Cowper, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.