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Cressy & Poictiers
Cressy & Poictiers

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Cressy & Poictiers is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.
It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.
The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.
In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.
But for once the instincts of the English deceived them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cressy & Poictiers

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Cressy & Poictiers is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.
Line 2
It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.
Line 3
The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.
Line 4
In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.
/ɪn fækt ˈpiːpəl ɪkˈsprest mʌtʃ dɪskənˈtent wɪð ðə ˈbɪznəs/
Line 5
But for once the instincts of the English deceived them.
/bʌt fɔːr wʌns ðə ˈɪnstɪŋkts ʌv ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ dɪˈsiːvd ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjudged verb US /əˈdʒʌdʒd/

past form of “adjudge” — declare to be

From this reading “It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.”

discontent noun US /dɪskənˈtent/

a longing for something better than the present situation

From this reading “In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.”

espoused verb US /ɪˈspaʊzd/

past form of “espouse” — choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans

From this reading “It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.”

minster noun US /ˈmɪnstər/

any of certain cathedrals and large churches; originally connected to a monastery

From this reading “It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.”

Mortimer noun US /ˈmɔːrtɪmər/

English nobleman who deposed Edward II and was executed by Edward III (1287-1330)

From this reading “The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.”

surname noun US /ˈsɜːrneɪm/

the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)

From this reading “EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.”

Valois noun US /vælˈwɑː/

French royal house from 1328 to 1589

From this reading “It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.”

Windsor noun US /ˈwɪnzər/

a city in southeastern Ontario on the Detroit River opposite Detroit

From this reading “EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few years adjective + noun

In this reading “EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.”

go back verb + particle

belong to an earlier time

In this reading “EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.”

In fact preposition + noun

in reality or actuality

In this reading “In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.”

brought about verb + particle counted as “bring about”

cause to move into the opposite direction

In this reading “The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.”

some idea adjective + noun

In this reading “EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.”

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.”

All words in this reading · 127

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1328

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

adjudgedverbUS /əˈdʒʌdʒd/

past form of “adjudge” — declare to be

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

advantagesnounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “advantage” — the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

BLACKadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

boyhoodnounUS /ˈbɔɪhʊd/

the childhood of a boy

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But for once the instincts of the English deceived them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

Capetnoun

King of France elected in 987 and founding the Capetian dynasty (940-996)

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

conveyverbUS /kənˈveɪ/

(of information) make known; pass on

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

daughtersnounUS /ˈdɔːtərz/

plural of “daughter” — a female human offspring

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

deceivedverbUS /dɪˈsiːvd/

past form of “deceive” — be false to; be dishonest with

From this reading But for once the instincts of the English deceived them.

discontentnounUS /dɪskənˈtent/

a longing for something better than the present situation

From this reading In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.

EDWARDnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

enableverbUS /eˈneɪbəl/

render capable or able for some task

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading But for once the instincts of the English deceived them.

espousedverbUS /ɪˈspaʊzd/

past form of “espouse” — choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

Hainault

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

inheritedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈherətɪd/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

instinctsnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading But for once the instincts of the English deceived them.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

Isabel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

Joan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

king'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

minsternounUS /ˈmɪnstər/

any of certain cathedrals and large churches; originally connected to a monastery

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

MortimernounUS /ˈmɔːrtɪmər/

English nobleman who deposed Edward II and was executed by Edward III (1287-1330)

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

notionnounUS /ˈnoʊʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading But for once the instincts of the English deceived them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

particularsnounUS /pərˈtɪkjələrz/

plural of “particular” — a fact about some part (as opposed to general)

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In fact, people expressed much discontent with the business.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

Philippa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

PRINCEnounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

princessnounUS /ˈprɪn.ses/

The daughter of a monarch; a female member of a royal family.

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

relateverbUS /rɪˈleɪt/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

Roger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

sixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

surnamenounUS /ˈsɜːrneɪm/

the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

surnamed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But for once the instincts of the English deceived them.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

trainingnounUS /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

activity leading to skilled behavior

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

ValoisnounUS /vælˈwɑː/

French royal house from 1328 to 1589

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

WindsornounUS /ˈwɪnzər/

a city in southeastern Ontario on the Detroit River opposite Detroit

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

Winram

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The marriage, being brought about by the king's mother, Isabel, and Roger de Mortimer, was not at first regarded with favour in England.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE To enable my readers to form some idea of the position which was occupied by the Prince of Wales at the time when I, Arthur Winram--for by this surname I was now known--was admitted to the castle of Windsor, and taken into his service as page, I must go back a few years to relate such particulars as to his birth and boyhood as may convey a notion of the advantages he had inherited and the training he had received.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading It was at York, and in the minster of that capital of the North, that, one Sunday in January, 1328, Edward the king, then sixteen, espoused Philippa, one of the four daughters whom William, Count of Hainault, surnamed the Good, had by his wife Joan, who was a princess of the line of Capet, and sister of Philip of Valois, to whom the Parliament of France adjudged the crown which St. Louis had worn.

Chapter 5 of Cressy & Poictiers by John G. (John George) Edgar holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Cressy & Poictiers contain?

Chapter 5 holds 130 sentences of Cressy & Poictiers, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Cressy & Poictiers by John G. (John George) Edgar exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Cressy & Poictiers?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cressy & Poictiers

Common questions about reading Cressy & Poictiers by John G. (John George) Edgar on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cressy & Poictiers?

Yes. All 3515 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45819 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cressy & Poictiers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45819, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cressy & Poictiers take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Cressy & Poictiers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cressy & Poictiers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ernest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Styles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.