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Cressy & Poictiers
Cressy & Poictiers

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Cressy & Poictiers is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.
On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.
Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.
Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.
It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cressy & Poictiers

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Cressy & Poictiers is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.
Line 2
On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.
Line 3
Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.
Line 4
Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.
Line 5
It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armament noun US /ˈɑːrməmənt/

weaponry used by military or naval force

From this reading “It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.”

barons noun US /ˈbærənz/

plural of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading “It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.”

earls noun US /ɜːrlz/

plural of “earl” — a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading “It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.”

Edward's noun US /ˈedwərdz/

possessive form of “edward” — King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading “It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.”

nominated adjective US /ˈnɑːməneɪtəd/

appointed by nomination

From this reading “THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.”

relied verb US /rɪˈlaɪd/

inflected form of “rely” — have faith or confidence in

From this reading “Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.”

shattering adjective US /ˈʃætərɪŋ/

seemingly loud enough to break something; violently rattling or clattering

From this reading “Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.”

Valois noun US /vælˈwɑː/

French royal house from 1328 to 1589

From this reading “Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

On board preposition + noun

on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle

In this reading “On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.”

young gentlemen adjective + noun counted as “young gentleman”

In this reading “On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.”

high birth adjective + noun

In this reading “On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.”

penetrate into verb + particle

In this reading “Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.”

in attendance preposition + noun

In this reading “On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.”

cross the sea verb + article + noun counted as “cross … sea”

In this reading “THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.”

into the country preposition + article + noun counted as “into … country”

In this reading “Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.”

young son adjective + noun

In this reading “THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1346

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

adversary's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

armamentnounUS /ˈɑːrməmənt/

weaponry used by military or naval force

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

attendancenounUS /əˈtendəns/

the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

Baptist's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

baronsnounUS /ˈbærənz/

plural of “baron” — a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

ClarencenounUS /ˈklerəns/

a closed carriage with four wheels and seats for four passengers

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

DaynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

earlsnounUS /ɜːrlz/

plural of “earl” — a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

Edward'snounUS /ˈedwərdz/

possessive form of “edward” — King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

embarkedverbUS /emˈbɑːrkt/

past form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

enableverbUS /eˈneɪbəl/

render capable or able for some task

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

Gasconynoun

a region of southwestern France

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

Godfrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

Harcourt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

intrusted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

Katherine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

KentnounUS /kent/

a county in southeastern England on the English Channel; formerly an Anglo-Saxon kingdom, it was the first to be colonized by the Romans

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

king'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

kinsmannounUS /ˈkɪnzmæn/

a male relative

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

lieutenantnounUS /luːˈtenənt/

a commissioned military officer

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

Lionel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

nominatedadjectiveUS /ˈnɑːməneɪtəd/

appointed by nomination

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

penetrateverbUS /ˈpenətreɪt/

pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

Philippa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

privilegenounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒ/

a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

realmnounUS /relm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

recognisedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

provided with a secure reputation

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

reliedverbUS /rɪˈlaɪd/

inflected form of “rely” — have faith or confidence in

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

shatteringadjectiveUS /ˈʃætərɪŋ/

seemingly loud enough to break something; violently rattling or clattering

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

Southampton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Godfrey de Harcourt, the great Norman lord I have already mentioned, accompanied King Edward on this occasion.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

ValoisnounUS /vælˈwɑː/

French royal house from 1328 to 1589

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

VOYAGEnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was King Edward's intention to land in Gascony; and his mighty armament, on board of which were most of the great earls and barons of England, put to sea with that view.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Indeed, the king relied much upon Harcourt for such information as might enable him to penetrate into the country which recognised Philip of Valois as sovereign, and strike a shattering blow at his adversary's power.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading On board the king's ship, the Katherine, was the Prince of Wales; and I, with other pages and several young gentlemen of high birth, had the privilege of being in attendance on the prince.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading THE VOYAGE About St. John the Baptist's Day, 1346, the King of England, having nominated his young son, Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of the realm, and intrusted Queen Philippa to his kinsman, the Earl of Kent, embarked at Southampton, to cross the sea.

Chapter 6 of Cressy & Poictiers by John G. (John George) Edgar holds 37 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Cressy & Poictiers contain?

Chapter 6 holds 37 sentences of Cressy & Poictiers, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Cressy & Poictiers by John G. (John George) Edgar exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 37 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Cressy & Poictiers?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cressy & Poictiers

Common questions about reading Cressy & Poictiers by John G. (John George) Edgar on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cressy & Poictiers?

Yes. All 3515 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45819 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cressy & Poictiers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45819, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cressy & Poictiers take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cressy & Poictiers section by section

How to work through Cressy & Poictiers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cressy & Poictiers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cressy & Poictiers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ernest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Styles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.