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Cressy & Poictiers
Cressy & Poictiers

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Cressy & Poictiers is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
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THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.
It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.
At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.
Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.
But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cressy & Poictiers

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Cressy & Poictiers is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.
Line 2
It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.
Line 3
At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.
Line 4
Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.
Line 5
But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.
/bʌt æt ðɪs steɪdʒ hiː faʊnd hɪz ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli tʃekt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anticipated adjective US /ænˈtɪsəpeɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading “It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.”

attract verb US /əˈtrækt/

direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading “Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.”

bridges noun US /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading “THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.”

conquest noun US /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading “THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.”

operations noun US /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading “But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.”

Seine noun US /seɪn/

a French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel

From this reading “Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.”

unexpectedly adverb US /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/

in a way that was not expected

From this reading “But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.”

uninterrupted adjective US /ˌʌnɪntərˈʌptɪd/

having undisturbed continuity

From this reading “At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

three days noun + noun

In this reading “THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.”

marched into verb + particle counted as “march into”

In this reading “Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.”

with a view preposition + article + noun counted as “with … view”

In this reading “Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

anticipatedadjectiveUS /ænˈtɪsəpeɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

attractverbUS /əˈtrækt/

direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

BRIDGESnounUS /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

BROKENadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

Caen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

checkedadjectiveUS /tʃekt/

patterned with alternating squares of color

From this reading But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

ConstablenounUS /ˈkɑːnstəbəl/

a lawman with less authority and jurisdiction than a sheriff

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

despatching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

encounterverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

EunounUS /ˈiːjuː/

a bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

Evreux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

Huntingdon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

includingverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

Louviers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

men-at-arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

multitudenounUS /ˈmʌltətuːd/

a large indefinite number

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

operationsnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

Plantagenetnoun

the family name of a line of English kings that reigned from 1154 to 1485

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

pursueverbUS /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

remainingadjectiveUS /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

not used up

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

Rouen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

SeinenounUS /seɪn/

a French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

spoilverbUS /spɔɪl/

make a mess of, destroy or ruin

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

Tancarville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

unexpectedlyadverbUS /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/

in a way that was not expected

From this reading But at this stage he found his operations unexpectedly checked.

uninterruptedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪntərˈʌptɪd/

having undisturbed continuity

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At first, indeed, the progress of the English was as easy and as uninterrupted as before their arrival at Caen.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE BROKEN BRIDGES After remaining three days in Caen, and despatching the Earl of Huntingdon to England in command of that fleet which carried not only the spoil of the Norman towns but a multitude of prisoners, among whom were some sixty knights, including the Count of Tancarville and the Count of Eu, Constable of France, King Edward led forth his army to pursue his career of conquest.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Having taken the town of Louviers, and made themselves masters of much of the wealth the place contained, they marched into the county of Evreux; and Edward, with a view of drawing near to Rouen, where he hoped to attract many Norman men-at-arms to his standard, approached the banks of the Seine.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It soon appeared that the great Plantagenet would have to encounter a difficulty which, perhaps, he had little anticipated.

Chapter 8 of Cressy & Poictiers by John G. (John George) Edgar holds 84 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Cressy & Poictiers contain?

Chapter 8 holds 84 sentences of Cressy & Poictiers, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Cressy & Poictiers by John G. (John George) Edgar exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 84 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Cressy & Poictiers?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cressy & Poictiers

Common questions about reading Cressy & Poictiers by John G. (John George) Edgar on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cressy & Poictiers?

Yes. All 3515 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45819 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cressy & Poictiers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45819, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cressy & Poictiers take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cressy & Poictiers section by section

How to work through Cressy & Poictiers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cressy & Poictiers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cressy & Poictiers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ernest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Styles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cressy & Poictiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.