Chapter XIX

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

later than; following

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

expected hopefully

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

a town in northern France on the Strait of Dover that serves as a ferry port to England

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

a state at a particular time

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

permission to do something

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

with no protection or shield

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

an acute insufficiency

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

the head of a state government

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

plural of “horror” — intense and profound fear

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

past form of “insist” — be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

a cry of sorrow and grief

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

hear with intention

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

changed from a solid to a liquid state

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

not any; not one

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading In vain Sir Walter Manny and the nobles of England pleaded for the unfortunate town.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

and nothing more

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

a negotiation between enemies

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

past form of “plead” — appeal or request earnestly

From this reading In vain Sir Walter Manny and the nobles of England pleaded for the unfortunate town.

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

past form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

term of address for a man

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

superlative of “stern” — of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading The only condition to which Edward would consent was one which added to the melancholy of the occasion, and melted the sternest hearts.

with sternness; in a severe manner

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

acceptance of despair

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

-ing form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

in or at that place or location

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

not conditional

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading In vain Sir Walter Manny and the nobles of England pleaded for the unfortunate town.

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading In vain Sir Walter Manny and the nobles of England pleaded for the unfortunate town.

French royal house from 1328 to 1589

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

a town in south central France where is 1311-1313 the Roman Catholic Church held one of its councils

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

German conductor (1876-1962)

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

in the company of; together with

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

misery resulting from affliction

From this reading SURRENDER OF CALAIS It was the morning of the 3rd of August, 1347; and there was woe and lamentation within the walls of Calais.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading In fact, the parley which John de Vienne, the governor, had demanded, and which he had held in the usual form with Sir Walter Manny, had not resulted as anticipated by the Calesians; for King Edward insisted on an unconditional surrender, and, at first, would listen to no other terms.

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading After having held out sternly for well-nigh a year, the town, left to its fate by Philip of Valois, already exposed to some of the horrors of famine, and now almost at the mercy of the King of England, was on the point of surrendering to the besiegers, and under such circumstances as made the necessity appear all the more cruel.