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Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge
Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.
The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.
The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.
By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.
The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.
Line 2
The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.
Line 3
The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.
/ðə ˈskwɜːrəlz hæd leɪd ɪn ðer səˈplaɪ ʌv nʌts ðə bɜːrdz hæd ˈɡɪvən ðer læst kənˈtʌki ˈkɑːnsərt ʌv ðə ˈsiːzən ənd hæd dɪˈpɑːrtɪd tuː fɪl ðer ˈwɪntər enˈɡeɪdʒmənts ɪn ðə ˈsaʊθlænd ənd ðə ˈfɔːrəst triːz weɪvd ðer ber ɑːrmz ənd baʊd ðer hedz tuː ðə waɪnd ðæt weɪld ə ˈmɔːrnfəl ˈrekwiəm fɔːr dɪˈpɑːrtɪd ˈsʌmər/
Line 4
By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.
/baɪ ðɪs taɪm ðə wiːt hæd bɪn soʊn ənd ðə læst ʃɑːk ʌv kɔːrn ˈɡæðərd/
Line 5
The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

augmented adjective US /ɑːɡˈmentɪd/

added to or made greater in amount or number or strength

From this reading “The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.”

grapevines noun US /ˈɡreɪpvaɪnz/

plural of “grapevine” — gossip spread by spoken communication

From this reading “The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.”

intervened verb US /ˌɪntərˈviːnd/

past form of “intervene” — get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action, or through force or threat of force

From this reading “The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.”

plowing noun US /ˈplaʊɪŋ/

tilling the land with a plow

From this reading “The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.”

requiem noun US /ˈrekwiəm/

a song or hymn of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person

From this reading “The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.”

seeding verb US /ˈsiːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “seed” — go to seed; shed seeds

From this reading “The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.”

Southland noun US /ˈsaʊθlænd/

any region lying in or toward the south

From this reading “The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.”

twining verb US /ˈtwaɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “twine” — spin, wind, or twist together

From this reading “The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

along the roadside preposition + article + noun counted as “along … roadside”

In this reading “The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.”

bare arms adjective + noun

In this reading “The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.”

young men adjective + noun

In this reading “The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.”

forest trees noun + noun counted as “forest tree”

In this reading “The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.”

intervened before verb + particle counted as “intervene before”

In this reading “The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.”

clusters of verb + particle counted as “cluster of”

In this reading “The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.”

by the advent preposition + article + noun counted as “by … advent”

In this reading “The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.”

supply of verb + particle

In this reading “The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

adventnounUS /ˈædvent/

arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous)

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

augmentedadjectiveUS /ɑːɡˈmentɪd/

added to or made greater in amount or number or strength

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

bowedadjectiveUS /baʊd/

of a stringed instrument; sounded by stroking with a bow

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

burs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

chestnutadjectiveUS /ˈtʃesnʌt/

(of hair or feathers) of a golden brown to reddish brown color

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

clingingverbUS /ˈklɪŋɪŋ/

-ing form of “cling” — come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

clustersnounUS /ˈklʌstərz/

plural of “cluster” — a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

compassed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

concertnounUS /ˈkɑːnsərt/

a performance of music by players or singers not involving theatrical staging

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

droopingadjectiveUS /ˈdruːpɪŋ/

weak from exhaustion

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

engagementsnounUS /enˈɡeɪdʒmənts/

plural of “engagement” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

fenceverbUS /fens/

enclose with a fence

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

fillverbUS /fɪl/

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

frost-ripened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

glisteningadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ/

reflecting light

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

grapevinesnounUS /ˈɡreɪpvaɪnz/

plural of “grapevine” — gossip spread by spoken communication

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

intervenedverbUS /ˌɪntərˈviːnd/

past form of “intervene” — get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action, or through force or threat of force

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

mistyadjectiveUS /ˈmɪsti/

filled or abounding with fog or mist

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

mournfuladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrnfəl/

expressing sorrow

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

nutsadjectiveUS /nʌts/

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

plowingnounUS /ˈplaʊɪŋ/

tilling the land with a plow

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

profusionnounUS /prəˈfjuːʒən/

the property of being extremely abundant

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

railsnounUS /reɪlz/

a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

requiemnounUS /ˈrekwiəm/

a song or hymn of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

roadsidenounUS /ˈroʊdsaɪd/

edge of a way or road or path

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

robbedverbUS /rɑːbd/

inflected form of “rob” — take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

SCHOOL-DAYS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

seedingverbUS /ˈsiːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “seed” — go to seed; shed seeds

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

shocknounUS /ʃɑːk/

the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally

From this reading By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.

SoonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

SouthlandnounUS /ˈsaʊθlænd/

any region lying in or toward the south

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

sownadjectiveUS /soʊn/

sprinkled with seed

From this reading By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

squirrelsnounUS /ˈskwɜːrəlz/

plural of “squirrel” — a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

thicketnounUS /ˈθɪkɪt/

a dense growth of bushes

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

twiningverbUS /ˈtwaɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “twine” — spin, wind, or twist together

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

vanishedadjectiveUS /ˈvænɪʃt/

having passed out of existence

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

wailedverbUS /weɪld/

past form of “wail” — emit long loud cries

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

wavedverbUS /weɪvd/

past form of “wave” — signal with the hands or nod

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

wheatnounUS /wiːt/

annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains

From this reading By this time the wheat had been sown, and the last shock of corn gathered.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The squirrels had laid in their supply of nuts; the birds had given their last Kentucky concert of the season and had departed to fill their winter engagements in the Southland; and the forest trees waved their bare arms and bowed their heads to the wind that wailed a mournful requiem for departed summer.

WINTERnounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading WINTER SCHOOL-DAYS Soon beautiful, misty Indian summer had vanished before the stern approach of winter.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading The chestnut burs had all opened; the wild grapevines, clinging to fence rails along the roadside and twining in drooping profusion over the trees in wood and thicket, had long ago been robbed of their glistening, dark clusters of frost-ripened fruit.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The school forces were, therefore, augmented by the advent of a dozen or more larger boys and young men, eager to gain all the learning that could be compassed in the months which intervened before early spring plowing and seeding would call them again to the fields.

Chapter 4 of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge by Mary Addams Bayne holds 24 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge contain?

Chapter 4 holds 24 sentences of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge by Mary Addams Bayne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 24 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge

Common questions about reading Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge by Mary Addams Bayne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge?

Yes. All 3385 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31640 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31640, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge take to read?

About 282 minutes of reading across 677 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge section by section

How to work through Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge

Words and structures a reader meets early in Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Schoolmaster
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spirit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crestlands: A Centennial Story of Cane Ridge; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.