used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
something done (usually as opposed to something said)
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles
From this reading What is punishment as applied to crime?
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading What is punishment as applied to crime?
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
deem to be
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
consistsverbUS /kənˈsɪsts/
third-person singular of “consist” — originate
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act
From this reading THE PUNISHMENT OF CRIME.
bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
deterrentnounUS /dɪˈtɜːrrənt/
something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
inflictedverbUS /ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd/
past form of “inflict” — impose something unpleasant
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
inflictingverbUS /ˌɪnˈflɪktɪŋ/
-ing form of “inflict” — impose something unpleasant
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
injurynounUS /ˈɪndʒəri/
any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading What is punishment as applied to crime?
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
KantnounUS /kænt/
influential German idealist philosopher (1724-1804)
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/
plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading THE PUNISHMENT OF CRIME.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
not allowed to continue to bat or run
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
having a point
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/
the people who inhabit a territory or state
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
just preceding something else in time or order
From this reading In a previous chapter the deterrent action of punishment on the criminal population has been pointed out.
the act of punishing
From this reading THE PUNISHMENT OF CRIME.
any object that is left unused or still extant
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
retributionnounUS /ˌret.rəˈbjuː.ʃən/
Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong act. (Sự trừng phạt, quả báo thích đáng.)
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
Identical; not different.
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
used to say what is right, expected, or advisable
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading THE PUNISHMENT OF CRIME.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/
a formal word for “on”
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance
From this reading According to Kant it is an act of retribution; it consists in inflicting upon the criminal the same injury as he has inflicted on his victim.
used to ask for information about something
From this reading What is punishment as applied to crime?
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading It now remains for us to consider the nature of punishment, and the methods by which punishment should be carried out.
