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Crime: Its Cause and Treatment
Crime: Its Cause and Treatment

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.
Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.
This definition of insanity is utterly unscientific.
If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.
Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Crime: Its Cause and Treatment

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.
Line 2
Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.
/ˈɔːfən ðə ˌdefəˈnɪʃən ɪz ˈɡɪvən baɪ kɔːrts ðæt ɪf wʌn ɪz ˈeɪbəl tuː dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ bɪˈtwiːn raɪt ənd rɔːŋ hiː ɪz seɪn wɪˈðɪn ðə ˈmiːnɪŋ ʌv ðə lɔː/
Line 3
This definition of insanity is utterly unscientific.
/ðɪs ˌdefəˈnɪʃən ʌv ˌɪnˈsænəti ɪz ˈʌtərli ənˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
Line 4
If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.
/ɪf ðə ˌɪnˈseɪn ɔːr ðə dɪˈfektɪv əˈbʌv æn ˈɪdiːət ɪz ˈkwestʃənd spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈweðər ˈsɜːrtən dɪˈstɪŋkt θɪŋz ɑːr raɪt ɔːr rɔːŋ hiː kæn ˈdʒenərəli ɡɪv ðə kənˈvenʃənəl ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən/
Line 5
Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arbitrarily adverb US /ˈɑːrbɪtrerəli/

in a random manner

From this reading “Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.”

classification noun US /ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type

From this reading “If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.”

defective adjective US /dɪˈfektɪv/

having a defect

From this reading “If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.”

definition noun US /ˌdefəˈnɪʃən/

a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading “Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.”

originality noun US /ərˌɪdʒəˈnælɪti/

the ability to think and act independently

From this reading “Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.”

specifically adverb US /spəˈsɪfɪkli/

in distinction from others

From this reading “If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.”

tests noun US /tests/

plural of “test” — trying something to find out about it

From this reading “Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.”

unscientific adjective US /ənˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

not consistent with the methods or principles of science

From this reading “This definition of insanity is utterly unscientific.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abilitynounUS /əˈbɪlətiː/

the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

arbitrarilyadverbUS /ˈɑːrbɪtrerəli/

in a random manner

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

classificationnounUS /ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

conventionaladjectiveUS /kənˈvenʃənəl/

following accepted customs and proprieties

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

defectiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈfektɪv/

having a defect

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

definitionnounUS /ˌdefəˈnɪʃən/

a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

determineverbUS /dəˈtɜːrmən/

establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

distinguishverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

feeble-mindedness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

humaneadjectiveUS /hjuːˈmeɪn/

pertaining to or concerned with the humanities

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

idiotnounUS /ˈɪdiːət/

a person of subnormal intelligence

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

inquireverbUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪr/

address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

insaneadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈseɪn/

afflicted with or characteristic of mental derangement

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

insanitynounUS /ˌɪnˈsænəti/

relatively permanent disorder of the mind

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

logicaladjectiveUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

OftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

originalitynounUS /ərˌɪdʒəˈnælɪti/

the ability to think and act independently

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

questionedverbUS /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

saneadjectiveUS /seɪn/

mentally healthy; free from mental disorder

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

specificallyadverbUS /spəˈsɪfɪkli/

in distinction from others

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

taughtverbUS /tɔːt/

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

testsnounUS /tests/

plural of “test” — trying something to find out about it

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Often he can tell much better than the intelligent man, for he has been arbitrarily taught the things that are right and wrong and has not the originality or ability to inquire whether the classification is right or how far circumstances and conditions determine right and wrong.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This definition of insanity is utterly unscientific.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Even the legal tests as to insanity and feeble-mindedness are neither logical nor humane.

unscientificadjectiveUS /ənˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

not consistent with the methods or principles of science

From this reading This definition of insanity is utterly unscientific.

utterlyadverbUS /ˈʌtərli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading This definition of insanity is utterly unscientific.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading If the insane or the defective above an idiot is questioned specifically whether certain distinct things are right or wrong, he can generally give the conventional classification.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading Often the definition is given by courts that if one is able to distinguish between right and wrong, he is sane within the meaning of the law.

Chapter 6 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment by Clarence Darrow holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment contain?

Chapter 6 holds 406 sentences of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment by Clarence Darrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #12027, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Crime: Its Cause and Treatment

Words and structures a reader meets early in Crime: Its Cause and Treatment, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Comes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reflections
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Experience
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.