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Crime: Its Cause and Treatment
Crime: Its Cause and Treatment

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.
Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.
In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.
Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.
It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Crime: Its Cause and Treatment

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.
/ˈmænəfoʊld ˈkɑːzəz prəˈduːs kraɪm sʌm men kəˈmɪt ɪt frʌm wʌn kɑːz sʌm frʌm əˈnʌðər/
Line 2
Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.
/stəˈtɪstɪks ˈoʊnli ʃoʊ ðə ˈnʌmbər ʌv men huː kəˈmɪt kraɪm frʌm ðə ˈveriəs ˈsepəreɪt ˈkɑːzəz/
Line 3
In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.
/ɪn ˈlɑːdʒɪk ənd fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi ɪt ˈrɪli ʃoʊz ðæt ə ˈsɜːrtən hərˈedəti pleɪst ɪn ə ˈsɜːrtən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt wɪl miːt əbˈstrʌkʃənz ənd ˈɑːbstəkəlz/
Line 4
Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.
Line 5
It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.
/ɪt mʌst biː pleɪn ðæt laɪf læsts ˈoʊnli æz lɔːŋ æz ɪt meɪks əˈdʒʌstmənts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjustments noun US /əˈdʒʌstmənts/

plural of “adjustment” — making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

From this reading “It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.”

environments noun US /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts/

plural of “environment” — the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading “Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.”

heredity noun US /hərˈedəti/

the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next

From this reading “In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.”

lasts noun US /læsts/

plural of “last” — the temporal end; the concluding time

From this reading “It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.”

manifold noun US /ˈmænəfoʊld/

a pipe that has several lateral outlets to or from other pipes

From this reading “Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.”

obstructions noun US /əbˈstrʌkʃənz/

plural of “obstruction” — any structure that makes progress difficult

From this reading “In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.”

Statistics noun US /stəˈtɪstɪks/

a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters

From this reading “Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.”

surrounds noun US /sərˈaʊndz/

plural of “surround” — the area in which something exists or lives

From this reading “Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

adjustmentsnounUS /əˈdʒʌstmənts/

plural of “adjustment” — making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

From this reading It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

commitverbUS /kəˈmɪt/

perform an act, usually with a negative connotation

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

crimenounUS /kraɪm/

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

dependverbUS /dɪˈpend/

be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

disasternounUS /dɪˈzæstər/

a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

environmentnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

environmentsnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts/

plural of “environment” — the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

heredities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

hereditynounUS /hərˈedəti/

the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

lastsnounUS /læsts/

plural of “last” — the temporal end; the concluding time

From this reading It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

logicnounUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪk/

the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.

ManifoldnounUS /ˈmænəfoʊld/

a pipe that has several lateral outlets to or from other pipes

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

meetsnounUS /miːts/

plural of “meet” — a meeting at which a number of athletic contests are held

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.

obstaclesnounUS /ˈɑːbstəkəlz/

plural of “obstacle” — something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

obstructionsnounUS /əbˈstrʌkʃənz/

plural of “obstruction” — any structure that makes progress difficult

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

overcomeverbUS /ˈoʊvərkʌm/

win a victory over

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

perversenessnoun

deliberate and stubborn unruliness and resistance to guidance or discipline

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It must be plain that life lasts only as long as it makes adjustments.

produceverbUS /prəˈduːs/

bring forth or yield

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

separateverbUS /ˈsepəreɪt/

act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Manifold causes produce crime; some men commit it from one cause: some from another.

StatisticsnounUS /stəˈtɪstɪks/

a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters

From this reading Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

surroundsnounUS /sərˈaʊndz/

plural of “surround” — the area in which something exists or lives

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Statistics only show the number of men who commit crime from the various separate causes.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading In logic and philosophy it really shows that, a certain heredity placed in a certain environment, will meet obstructions and obstacles.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Some heredities will carry men further, and some environments will overcome them more quickly; but as surely as effects follow from causes, every heredity will meet disaster in some way under any environment, and the time and kind of disaster it meets depend not upon perverseness or freedom of will, but upon the fortune of the meeting of heredity with the manifold environment that surrounds every life.

Chapter 8 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment by Clarence Darrow holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment contain?

Chapter 8 holds 407 sentences of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment by Clarence Darrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Crime: Its Cause and Treatment

Common questions about reading Crime: Its Cause and Treatment by Clarence Darrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment?

Yes. All 3267 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12027 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12027, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Crime: Its Cause and Treatment take to read?

About 272 minutes of reading across 654 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Crime: Its Cause and Treatment section by section

How to work through Crime: Its Cause and Treatment section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Crime: Its Cause and Treatment

Words and structures a reader meets early in Crime: Its Cause and Treatment, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Comes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reflections
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Experience
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crime: Its Cause and Treatment; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.