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Criminal Psychology
Criminal Psychology

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Criminal Psychology is here in full — 693 sentences across 139 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/138 · 5 lines
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The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.
The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.
Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.
If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.
But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Criminal Psychology

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Criminal Psychology is here in full — 693 sentences across 139 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/138 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.
/ðə ˈneɡətɪv ˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ðə ˈevədəns wɪl ˈnætʃərəli biː dɪˈveləpt wɪð les ˈækjərəsi/
Line 2
The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.
Line 3
Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.
/əˈnʌðər fɔːrm wɪtʃ siːmz tuː ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt ðə əˈsɜːrʃən ðæt ˈneɡətɪv ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃənz ɑːr ˈɪnfənət ɪz ˈpɑːzətɪv ˈevədəns ɪn ðə ʃeɪp ʌv nəˈɡeɪʃən/
Line 4
If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.
/ɪf wiː ɡɪv æn ˈekspərt ə steɪn tuː ɪɡˈzæmɪn ənd æsk hɪm ˈweðər ɪt ɪz ə blʌd steɪn ənd hiː telz ʌs ɪt ɪz nɑːt ə blʌd steɪn ðen ðɪs ˈsɪŋɡəl ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli ɪˈstæblɪʃt əˈsɜːrʃən pruːvz ðæt wiː duː nɑːt hæv tuː diːl wɪð blʌd ənd hens ˈneɡətɪv pruːf siːmz brɔːt ɪn ə ˈsɪŋɡəl ˈɪnstəns/
Line 5
But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.
/bʌt æz ə ˈmætər ʌv fækt wiː diːl hiːr wɪð æn ˈæktʃuːəli ˈpɑːzətɪv pruːf fɔːr ðə ˈekspərt hæz ˈɡɪvən ʌs ðə dɪˈduːst ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃən nɑːt ðə eˈsenʃəl əˈsɜːrʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accuracy noun US /ˈækjərəsi/

the quality of being near to the true value

From this reading “The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.”

contradict verb US /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt/

be in contradiction with

From this reading “Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.”

deduced verb US /dɪˈduːst/

past form of “deduce” — reason by deduction; establish by deduction

From this reading “But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.”

inference noun US /ˈɪnfərəns/

the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation

From this reading “The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.”

negation noun US /nəˈɡeɪʃən/

a negative statement; a statement that is a refusal or denial of some other statement

From this reading “Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.”

negative adjective US /ˈneɡətɪv/

characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features

From this reading “The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.”

propositions noun US /ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “proposition” — (logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false

From this reading “Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.”

scientifically adverb US /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli/

with respect to science; in a scientific way

From this reading “If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

positive proof adjective + noun

In this reading “But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.”

positive evidence adjective + noun

In this reading “Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.”

blood stain noun + noun

In this reading “If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.”

single instance adjective + noun

In this reading “If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.”

deal with verb + particle

In this reading “If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.”

in the shape preposition + article + noun counted as “in … shape”

In this reading “Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.”

with blood preposition + noun

In this reading “If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

accuracynounUS /ˈækjərəsi/

the quality of being near to the true value

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

assertionnounUS /əˈsɜːrʃən/

a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

contradictverbUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt/

be in contradiction with

From this reading Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

deducedverbUS /dɪˈduːst/

past form of “deduce” — reason by deduction; establish by deduction

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

essentialadjectiveUS /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

examinationnounUS /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

examineverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

expertadjectiveUS /ˈekspərt/

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

henceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

inferencenounUS /ˈɪnfərəns/

the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

infiniteadjectiveUS /ˈɪnfənət/

having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude

From this reading Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

nailsnounUS /neɪlz/

plural of “nail” — horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

negationnounUS /nəˈɡeɪʃən/

a negative statement; a statement that is a refusal or denial of some other statement

From this reading Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.

negativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɡətɪv/

characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

positiveadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːzətɪv/

characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.

From this reading Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

probabilitynounUS /ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiː/

a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

propositionnounUS /ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

(logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false

From this reading But as a matter of fact we deal here with an actually positive proof, for the expert has given us the deduced proposition, not the essential assertion.

propositionsnounUS /ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “proposition” — (logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false

From this reading Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.

provesverbUS /pruːvz/

third-person singular of “prove” — be shown or be found to be

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

rarelyadverbUS /ˈrerli/

not often

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

scientificallyadverbUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli/

with respect to science; in a scientific way

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading Another form which seems to contradict the assertion that negative propositions are infinite is positive evidence in the shape of negation.

shoesnounUS /ʃuːz/

a particular situation

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

somebodypronounUS /ˈsʌmbɑːdi/

a person, without saying who

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

stainnounUS /steɪn/

a soiled or discolored appearance

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

suspectverbUS /səˈspekt/

imagine to be the case or true or probable

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading If we give an expert a stain to examine and ask him whether it is a blood stain, and he tells us: “It is not a blood stain,” then this single scientifically established assertion proves that we do not have to deal with blood, and hence “negative” proof seems brought in a single instance.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The negative portion of the evidence will naturally be developed with less accuracy.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading The proof is limited to the assertion that such shoes as were indicated in the evidence were very rarely or never worn in that region, also that no native could have been present, that the form of the nails allowed inference of somebody from foreign regions, one of which might be the home of the suspect, etc. Such an examination shows that what we call evidence is only probability or possibility.

Chapter 9 of Criminal Psychology by Hans Gross holds 693 sentences, grouped into 139 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 9 holds 693 sentences of Criminal Psychology, unabridged, divided into 139 reading sections.

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