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Cringle and cross-tree
Cringle and cross-tree

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Cringle and cross-tree is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 4 of Cringle and cross-tree by Oliver Optic holds 123 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Cringle and cross-tree contain?

Chapter 4 holds 123 sentences of Cringle and cross-tree, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Cringle and cross-tree by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 123 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Cringle and cross-tree?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cringle and cross-tree

Common questions about reading Cringle and cross-tree by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cringle and cross-tree?

Yes. All 3451 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71482 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cringle and cross-tree is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71482, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cringle and cross-tree take to read?

About 287 minutes of reading across 691 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cringle and cross-tree section by section

How to work through Cringle and cross-tree section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of Cringle and cross-tree to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cringle and cross-tree

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cringle and cross-tree, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Upward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cringle and cross-tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Onward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cringle and cross-tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cringle and cross-tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Swashes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cringle and cross-tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cover illustration for Cringle and cross-tree
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.
"I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.
"Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."
"I don't know that I have heard your name yet."
"Philip Farringford, sir."
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cringle and cross-tree

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Cringle and cross-tree is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.
Line 2
"I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.
Line 3
"Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."
Line 4
"I don't know that I have heard your name yet."
Line 5
"Philip Farringford, sir."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

AFTER preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “"Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “"I don't know that I have heard your name yet."”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

AFTERprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

BARK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

believe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

born

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

Captain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I don't know that I have heard your name yet."

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

Farraday

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

Farringford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Philip Farringford, sir."

FINANCES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

great

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

heard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I don't know that I have heard your name yet."

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

know

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I don't know that I have heard your name yet."

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

life

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

lived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

LOOKS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

Louis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

MICHIGAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

Missouri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

name

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I don't know that I have heard your name yet."

North

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

PHIL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

Philip

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Philip Farringford, sir."

portion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

River

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

sir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "I don't know that I have heard your name yet."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

Upper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

vessel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

VISITS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

walked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

west

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

WHICHpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading IN WHICH PHIL VISITS THE BARK MICHIGAN, AND LOOKS AFTER HIS FINANCES.

Yes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Yes, sir; I was born in St. Louis, but have lived a great portion of my life on the Upper Missouri."

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading "I don't know that I have heard your name yet."

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "I believe you said you came from the west," said Captain Farraday; and we walked down to the North River, where his vessel lay.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "I don't know that I have heard your name yet."