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Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays
Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
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In Six Volumes.
Vol. II.
ESSAYS.
(_Edinburgh Review_, March 1829.)
Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In Six Volumes.
/ɪn sɪks ˈvɑːljuːmz/
Line 2
Vol. II.
Line 3
ESSAYS.
/eˈseɪz/
Line 4
(_Edinburgh Review_, March 1829.)
Line 5
Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Edinburgh noun US /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

essays noun US /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading “ESSAYS.”

founder noun US /ˈfaʊndər/

inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading “Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.”

illustrious adjective US /ˌɪˈlʌstriəs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.”

philosophers noun US /fəˈlɑːsəfərz/

plural of “philosopher” — a specialist in philosophy

From this reading “Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.”

Review noun US /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

sect noun US /sekt/

a subdivision of a larger religious group

From this reading “Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.”

Volumes noun US /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading “In Six Volumes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most distinguished adverb + adjective

In this reading “Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.”

with the exception preposition + article + noun counted as “with … exception”

In this reading “Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.”

Six Volumes noun + noun counted as “six volume”

In this reading “In Six Volumes.”

All words in this reading · 36

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1829

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (_Edinburgh Review_, March 1829.)

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

Benthamites

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading (_Edinburgh Review_, March 1829.)

ESSAYSnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading ESSAYS.

exceptionnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃən/

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

foundernounUS /ˈfaʊndər/

inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Vol. II.

illustriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlʌstriəs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In Six Volumes.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading (_Edinburgh Review_, March 1829.)

MillverbUS /mɪl/

move about in a confused manner

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

philosophersnounUS /fəˈlɑːsəfərz/

plural of “philosopher” — a specialist in philosophy

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

ReviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading (_Edinburgh Review_, March 1829.)

sectnounUS /sekt/

a subdivision of a larger religious group

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

SixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading In Six Volumes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

Utilitarians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

Vol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vol. II.

VolumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading In Six Volumes.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Of {5}those philosophers who call themselves Utilitarians, and whom others generally call Benthamites, Mr. Mill is, with the exception of the illustrious founder of the sect, by far the most distinguished.

Chapter 1 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay holds 431 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays contain?

Chapter 1 holds 431 sentences of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 431 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 6236 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55902 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #55902, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 519 minutes of reading across 1248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edinburgh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Review
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.