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Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays
Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.
Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.
This is an undeniable principle of human nature.
Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.
Experience is altogether divided.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.
Line 2
Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.
Line 3
This is an undeniable principle of human nature.
/ðɪs ɪz æn ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbəl ˈprɪnsəpəl ʌv ˈhjuːmən ˈneɪtʃər/
Line 4
Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.
Line 5
Experience is altogether divided.
/ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪz ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

director noun US /dərˈektər/

someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading “Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.”

inquiring adjective US /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərɪŋ/

given to inquiry

From this reading “Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.”

maxim noun US /ˈmæksəm/

a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

From this reading “Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.”

predecessors noun US /ˈpredəsesərz/

plural of “predecessor” — one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)

From this reading “Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.”

proceeds noun US /prəˈsiːdz/

the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading “Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.”

thief noun US /θiːf/

a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it

From this reading “Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.”

undeniable adjective US /ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbəl/

not possible to deny

From this reading “This is an undeniable principle of human nature.”

wasted adjective US /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading “Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human nature adjective + noun

the shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings

In this reading “This is an undeniable principle of human nature.”

without asking preposition + noun

In this reading “Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.”

question about verb + particle

In this reading “Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

alehouses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Experience is altogether divided.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This is an undeniable principle of human nature.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

askingnounUS /ˈæskɪŋ/

the verbal act of requesting

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

directornounUS /dərˈektər/

someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading Experience is altogether divided.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

ExperienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Experience is altogether divided.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading This is an undeniable principle of human nature.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.

inquiringadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərɪŋ/

given to inquiry

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

maximnounUS /ˈmæksəm/

a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

MillverbUS /mɪl/

move about in a confused manner

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading This is an undeniable principle of human nature.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

pawnbrokers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

policenounUS /pəˈliːs/

the force of policemen and officers

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

predecessorsnounUS /ˈpredəsesərz/

plural of “predecessor” — one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading This is an undeniable principle of human nature.

proceedsnounUS /prəˈsiːdz/

the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

thiefnounUS /θiːf/

a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it

From this reading Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.

thief-takers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is an undeniable principle of human nature.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

undeniableadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbəl/

not possible to deny

From this reading This is an undeniable principle of human nature.

wastedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading Some of my predecessors have wasted their time in inquiring about particular pawnbrokers, and particular alehouses.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Mr. Mill proceeds like a director of police, who, without asking a single question about the state of his district, should give his orders thus:--“My maxim is, that every man will take what he can.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Every man in London would be a thief, but for the thief-takers.

Chapter 3 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays contain?

Chapter 3 holds 412 sentences of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 6236 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55902 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #55902, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 519 minutes of reading across 1248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edinburgh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Review
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.