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Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays
Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays is here in full — 344 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
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“We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.
A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.
His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.
“_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.
Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays is here in full — 344 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.
Line 2
A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.
Line 3
His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.
/hɪz ˈriːzən fɔːr ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðɪs ɪz ekˈstriːmli ˈkjʊriəs/
Line 4
“_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.
/ə ˈpiːpəl meɪ biː tuː rɪtʃ bɪˈkɔːz ɪt ɪz ðə ˈtendənsi ʌv ðə kəˈmɜːrʃəl ənd mɔːr əˈspeʃli ʌv ðə ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm tuː kəˈlekt welθ ˈræðər ðæn tuː dɪˈfjuːs ɪt/
Line 5
Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.
/wer welθ ɪz ˌnesəˈserəli emˈplɔɪd ɪn ˈeni ʌv ðə ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz ʌv treɪd ɪts ˌɪnˈkriːs ɪz ɪn prəˈpɔːrʃən tuː ɪts əˈmaʊnt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

collect verb US /kəˈlekt/

get or gather together

From this reading ““_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.”

commercial adjective US /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading ““_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.”

diffuse verb US /dɪˈfjuːs/

move outward

From this reading ““_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.”

doctrine noun US /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading ““We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.”

manufacturing noun US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading ““_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.”

necessarily adverb US /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading “Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.”

speculations noun US /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “speculation” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading “Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.”

tendency noun US /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading ““_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in proportion preposition + noun

In this reading “Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

adverted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

amusingadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

collectverbUS /kəˈlekt/

get or gather together

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

commercialadjectiveUS /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.

diffuseverbUS /dɪˈfjuːs/

move outward

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

doctrinenounUS /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

increasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

manufacturingnounUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

Southey's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

speculationsnounUS /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “speculation” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

tendencynounUS /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “_A people may be too rich, because it is the tendency of the commercial, and more especially of the manufacturing system, to collect wealth rather than to diffuse it.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading His reason for thinking this is extremely curious.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading A state, says he, cannot be too rich; but a people may be too rich.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading “We have already adverted to Mr. Southey’s amusing doctrine about national wealth.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where wealth is necessarily employed in any of the speculations of trade, its increase is in proportion to its amount.

Chapter 6 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay holds 344 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays contain?

Chapter 6 holds 344 sentences of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 344 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays?

Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays by Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 6236 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55902 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #55902, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays take to read?

About 519 minutes of reading across 1248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edinburgh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Review
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.