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Cross Purposes and The Shadows
Cross Purposes and The Shadows

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Cross Purposes and The Shadows is here in full — 511 sentences across 103 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cross Purposes and The Shadows
Context Illustration Reading 1/102 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.
But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.
Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.
One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.
The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cross Purposes and The Shadows

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Cross Purposes and The Shadows is here in full — 511 sentences across 103 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/102 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.
/noʊ ˈmɔːrtəl ɔːr ˈferi ˈiːðər kæn tel wer ˈferilænd bɪˈɡɪnz ənd wer ɪt endz/
Line 2
But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.
/bʌt ˈsʌmwer ɑːn ðə ˈbɔːrdərz ʌv ˈferilænd ðer wɑːz ə naɪs ˈkʌntri ˈvɪlədʒ ɪn wɪtʃ lɪvd sʌm naɪs ˈkʌntri ˈpiːpəl/
Line 3
Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.
Line 4
One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.
Line 5
The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

begins noun US /bɪˈɡɪnz/

plural of “begin” — Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

From this reading “No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.”

borders noun US /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading “But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.”

dyed adjective US /daɪd/

(used of color) artificially produced; not natural

From this reading “The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.”

ends noun US /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading “No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.”

fairy noun US /ˈferi/

a small being, human in form, playful and having magical powers

From this reading “No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.”

Fairyland noun US /ˈferilænd/

something existing solely in the imagination (but often mistaken for reality)

From this reading “No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.”

mortal adjective US /ˈmɔːrtəl/

subject to death

From this reading “No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.”

rosy adjective US /ˈroʊzi/

reflecting optimism

From this reading “One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

Alice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

beginsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnz/

plural of “begin” — Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

bordersnounUS /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

dyedadjectiveUS /daɪd/

(used of color) artificially produced; not natural

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

fairynounUS /ˈferi/

a small being, human in form, playful and having magical powers

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

fairy-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

FairylandnounUS /ˈferilænd/

something existing solely in the imagination (but often mistaken for reality)

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

flaked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

gazingverbUS /ˈɡeɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

good-naturedadjective

having an easygoing and cheerful disposition

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

mortaladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrtəl/

subject to death

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

niceadjectiveUS /naɪs/

pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

rose-colour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

rosinessnoun

a rosy color (especially in the cheeks) taken as a sign of good health

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

rosyadjectiveUS /ˈroʊzi/

reflecting optimism

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

sankverbUS /sæŋk/

inflected form of “sink” — fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

sillyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪli/

ludicrous, foolish

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

somewhereadverbUS /ˈsʌmwer/

in or at or to some place

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

squirenounUS /skwaɪr/

young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

story-book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

threwverbUS /θruː/

inflected form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The rose-colour sank through her eyes and dyed her brain, and she began to feel as if she were reading a story-book.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading No mortal, or fairy either, can tell where Fairyland begins and where it ends.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But somewhere on the borders of Fairyland there was a nice country village, in which lived some nice country people.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Alice was the daughter of the squire, a pretty, good-natured girl, whom her friends called fairy-like, and others called silly.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading One rosy summer evening, when the wall opposite her window was flaked all over with rosiness, she threw herself down on her bed, and lay gazing at the wall.

Chapter 1 of Cross Purposes and The Shadows by George MacDonald holds 511 sentences, grouped into 103 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Cross Purposes and The Shadows contain?

Chapter 1 holds 511 sentences of Cross Purposes and The Shadows, unabridged, divided into 103 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Cross Purposes and The Shadows by George MacDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 511 sentences, grouped into 103 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Cross Purposes and The Shadows?

Work through the 103 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 103 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cross Purposes and The Shadows

Common questions about reading Cross Purposes and The Shadows by George MacDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cross Purposes and The Shadows?

Yes. All 1021 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18859 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cross Purposes and The Shadows is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18859, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cross Purposes and The Shadows take to read?

About 85 minutes of reading across 205 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cross Purposes and The Shadows section by section

How to work through Cross Purposes and The Shadows section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Cross Purposes and The Shadows to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cross Purposes and The Shadows

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cross Purposes and The Shadows, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mortal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cross Purposes and The Shadows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fairy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cross Purposes and The Shadows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Either
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cross Purposes and The Shadows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Where
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cross Purposes and The Shadows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.