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Crossing the Plains, Days of '57
Crossing the Plains, Days of '57

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Crossing the Plains, Days of '57
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SAGEBRUSH JUSTICE.
The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.
In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.
There we found the daytime heat most intense.
The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Crossing the Plains, Days of '57

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SAGEBRUSH JUSTICE.
/ˈseɪdʒbrʌʃ ˈdʒʌstəs/
Line 2
The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.
/ðə sɪŋk ʌv ðə ˈhʌmboʊlt ɪz ə leɪk ʌv strɔːŋ ˈbrækɪʃ ˈwɔːtər wer ðə ˈrɪvər ˈemptiz ˈɪntuː ðə ˈnætʃərəl ˈbeɪsən fɔːrmd baɪ ðə slænt ʌv ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈdɪstrɪkt ʌv ˈmaʊntənz pleɪn ənd ˈdezərt ənd wer sʌm ʌv ðə ˈwɔːtər sɪŋks ˈɪntuː ðə ɡraʊnd ənd mʌtʃ ʌv ɪt ɪˈvæpəreɪts ðer ˈbiːɪŋ noʊ ˈsɜːrfəs ˈaʊtlet/
Line 3
In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.
/ɪn ðə ˈlætər pɑːrt ʌv ðə ˈsʌmər ðə ˈwɔːtər ɪz æt ə ˈveri loʊ steɪdʒ ənd ˈstrɔːŋər ɪn ˈmɪnərəl kənˈstɪtʃuːənts/
Line 4
There we found the daytime heat most intense.
/ðer wiː faʊnd ðə ˈdeɪtaɪm hiːt moʊst ˌɪnˈtens/
Line 5
The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brackish adjective US /ˈbrækɪʃ/

distasteful and unpleasant; spoiled by mixture

From this reading “The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.”

constituents noun US /kənˈstɪtʃuːənts/

plural of “constituent” — an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system

From this reading “In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.”

empties noun US /ˈemptiz/

plural of “empty” — a container that has been emptied

From this reading “The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.”

evaporates verb US /ɪˈvæpəreɪts/

third-person singular of “evaporate” — lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue

From this reading “The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.”

hottest adjective US /ˈhɑːtəst/

superlative of “hot” — used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading “The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.”

Humboldt noun US /ˈhʌmboʊlt/

German philologist noted for his studies of the relation between language and culture (1767-1835)

From this reading “The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.”

sagebrush noun US /ˈseɪdʒbrʌʃ/

any of several North American composite subshrubs of the genera Artemis or Seriphidium

From this reading “SAGEBRUSH JUSTICE.”

slime verb US /slaɪm/

cover or stain with slime

From this reading “The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

frozen snow adjective + noun

In this reading “The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.”

latter part adjective + noun

In this reading “In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.”

sinks into verb + particle counted as “sink into”

In this reading “The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.”

most intense adverb + adjective

In this reading “There we found the daytime heat most intense.”

under foot preposition + noun

In this reading “The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.”

into the ground preposition + article + noun counted as “into … ground”

In this reading “The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

basinnounUS /ˈbeɪsən/

a bowl-shaped vessel; usually used for holding food or liquids

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

brackishadjectiveUS /ˈbrækɪʃ/

distasteful and unpleasant; spoiled by mixture

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

constituentsnounUS /kənˈstɪtʃuːənts/

plural of “constituent” — an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

cracklingnounUS /ˈkræklɪŋ/

the residue that remains after animal fat has been rendered

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

crushedadjectiveUS /krʌʃt/

treated so as to have a permanently wrinkled appearance

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

curlingnounUS /ˈkɜːrlɪŋ/

a game played on ice in which heavy stones with handles are slid toward a target

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

daytimenounUS /ˈdeɪtaɪm/

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading There we found the daytime heat most intense.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

emptiesnounUS /ˈemptiz/

plural of “empty” — a container that has been emptied

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

evaporatesverbUS /ɪˈvæpəreɪts/

third-person singular of “evaporate” — lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading There we found the daytime heat most intense.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading There we found the daytime heat most intense.

hottestadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːtəst/

superlative of “hot” — used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

HumboldtnounUS /ˈhʌmboʊlt/

German philologist noted for his studies of the relation between language and culture (1767-1835)

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

incrusted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

intenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtens/

possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree

From this reading There we found the daytime heat most intense.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

JUSTICEnounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading SAGEBRUSH JUSTICE.

lakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

mineralnounUS /ˈmɪnərəl/

solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading There we found the daytime heat most intense.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

outletnounUS /ˈaʊtlet/

a place of business for retailing goods

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

recedingnounUS /rɪˈsiːdɪŋ/

a slow or gradual disappearance

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

SAGEBRUSHnounUS /ˈseɪdʒbrʌʃ/

any of several North American composite subshrubs of the genera Artemis or Seriphidium

From this reading SAGEBRUSH JUSTICE.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

SinkverbUS /sɪŋk/

fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

sinksnounUS /sɪŋks/

plural of “sink” — plumbing fixture consisting of a water basin fixed to a wall or floor and having a drainpipe

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

slantverbUS /slænt/

lie obliquely

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

slimeverbUS /slaɪm/

cover or stain with slime

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

strongeradjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋər/

comparative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In the latter part of the summer the water is at a very low stage, and stronger in mineral constituents.

wastenounUS /weɪst/

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading The land that is exposed by the receding water during the hottest period of the fall season becomes a dry, crackling waste of incrusted slime, curling up in the fierce sunshine, and readily crushed under foot, like frozen snow.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading There we found the daytime heat most intense.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The Sink of the Humboldt is a lake of strong, brackish water, where the river empties into the natural basin, formed by the slant of the surrounding district of mountains, plain and desert, and where some of the water sinks into the ground and much of it evaporates, there being no surface outlet.

Chapter 12 of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 by Wm. Audley (William Audley), -1921 Maxwell holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 contain?

Chapter 12 holds 108 sentences of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 by Wm. Audley (William Audley), -1921 Maxwell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Crossing the Plains, Days of '57

Common questions about reading Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 by Wm. Audley (William Audley), -1921 Maxwell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57?

Yes. All 1047 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26858 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26858, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 take to read?

About 87 minutes of reading across 210 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 section by section

How to work through Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Crossing the Plains, Days of '57

Words and structures a reader meets early in Crossing the Plains, Days of '57, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fording
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Platte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Consumed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Entire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crossing the Plains, Days of '57; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.