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Crucial Instances
Crucial Instances

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Crucial Instances is here in full — 430 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Crucial Instances
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?
Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.
The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.
Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....
From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Crucial Instances

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Crucial Instances is here in full — 430 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?
/hæv juː ˈevər ˈkwestʃənd ðə lɔːŋ ˈʃʌtərd frʌnt ʌv æn oʊld ˌɪˈtæljən haʊs ðæt ˈmoʊʃənləs mæsk smuːð mjuːt ɪˈkwɪvəkəl æz ðə feɪs ʌv ə priːst bɪˈhaɪnd wɪtʃ bʌz ðə ˈsiːkrəts ʌv ðə kənˈfeʃənəl/
Line 2
Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.
Line 3
The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.
/ðə tɔːl ˈwɪndoʊz ɑːr laɪk blaɪnd aɪz ðə ɡreɪt dɔːr ɪz ə ʃʌt maʊθ/
Line 4
Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....
/ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðer meɪ biː ˈsʌnʃaɪn ðə sɛnt ʌv ˈmɜːrtəlz ənd ə pʌls ʌv laɪf θruː ɔːl ðə ˈɑːrtəriz ʌv ðə hjuːdʒ freɪm ɔːr ə ˈmɔːrtəl ˈsɑːlətuːd wer bæts lɑːdʒ ɪn ðə dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd stoʊnz ənd ðə kiːz rʌst ɪn əˈnjuːzd dɔːrz/
Line 5
From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arteries noun US /ˈɑːrtəriz/

plural of “artery” — a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

From this reading “Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....”

cuticle noun US /ˈkjuːtəkəl/

the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail

From this reading “Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.”

disjointed adjective US /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

lacking orderly continuity

From this reading “Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....”

equivocal adjective US /ɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

open to two or more interpretations; or of uncertain nature or significance; or (often) intended to mislead

From this reading “Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?”

frescoes noun US /ˈfreskoʊz/

plural of “fresco” — a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster

From this reading “From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.”

loggia noun US /ˈlɑːɡiə/

a roofed arcade or gallery with open sides stretching along the front or side of a building; often at an upper level

From this reading “From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.”

myrtles noun US /ˈmɜːrtəlz/

plural of “myrtle” — widely cultivated as a groundcover for its dark green shiny leaves and usually blue-violet flowers

From this reading “Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....”

shuttered adjective US /ˈʃʌtərd/

provided with shutters or shutters as specified; often used in combination

From this reading “Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

activitiesnounUS /ækˈtɪvətiz/

plural of “activity” — any specific behavior

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

arteriesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəriz/

plural of “artery” — a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

avenuenounUS /ˈævənuː/

a line of approach

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

barredadjectiveUS /bɑːrd/

preventing entry or exit or a course of action

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

batsadjectiveUS /bæts/

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

blindnounUS /blaɪnd/

people who have severe visual impairments, considered as a group

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

buzzverbUS /bʌz/

make a buzzing sound

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

confessionalnounUS /kənˈfeʃənəl/

a booth where a priest sits to hear confessions

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

cuticlenounUS /ˈkjuːtəkəl/

the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

cypress-hooded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

cypress-shadows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

declareverbUS /dɪˈkler/

state emphatically and authoritatively

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

disjointedadjectiveUS /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

lacking orderly continuity

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

ducaladjectiveUS /ˈduːkəl/

of or belonging to or suitable for a duke

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

equivocaladjectiveUS /ɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

open to two or more interpretations; or of uncertain nature or significance; or (often) intended to mislead

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

escutcheonnoun

a flat protective covering (on a door or wall etc) to prevent soiling by dirty fingers

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

expressiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

flowingnounUS /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

frescoesnounUS /ˈfreskoʊz/

plural of “fresco” — a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

Haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

impenetrableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpenətrəbəl/

not admitting of penetration or passage into or through

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

InsideadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

keysnounUS /kiːz/

plural of “key” — metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

laddernounUS /ˈlædər/

steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

lodgeverbUS /lɑːdʒ/

be a lodger; stay temporarily

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

loggianounUS /ˈlɑːɡiə/

a roofed arcade or gallery with open sides stretching along the front or side of a building; often at an upper level

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

maskverbUS /mæsk/

hide under a false appearance

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

mortaladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrtəl/

subject to death

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

motionlessadjectiveUS /ˈmoʊʃənləs/

not in physical motion

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

muteadjectiveUS /mjuːt/

expressed without speech

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

mutilatedadjectiveUS /ˈmjuːtəleɪtəd/

having a part of the body crippled or disabled

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

myrtlesnounUS /ˈmɜːrtəlz/

plural of “myrtle” — widely cultivated as a groundcover for its dark green shiny leaves and usually blue-violet flowers

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

OtheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

priestnounUS /priːst/

a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

pulsenounUS /pʌls/

(electronics) a sharp transient wave in the normal electrical state (or a series of such transients)

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

questionedverbUS /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

rustverbUS /rʌst/

become destroyed by water, air, or a corrosive such as an acid

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

scentnounUS /sɛnt/

A distinctive smell or aroma.

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

secretsnounUS /ˈsiːkrəts/

plural of “secret” — something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on)

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

shutteredadjectiveUS /ˈʃʌtərd/

provided with shutters or shutters as specified; often used in combination

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

solitudenounUS /ˈsɑːlətuːd/

a state of social isolation

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

unusedadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːzd/

not yet used or soiled

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

vanishingnounUS /ˈvænɪʃɪŋ/

a sudden or mysterious disappearance

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

vasesnounUS /ˈveɪsəz/

plural of “vas” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

villanounUS /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading Other houses declare the activities they shelter; they are the clear expressive cuticle of a life flowing close to the surface; but the old palace in its narrow street, the villa on its cypress-hooded hill, are as impenetrable as death.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Inside there may be sunshine, the scent of myrtles, and a pulse of life through all the arteries of the huge frame; or a mortal solitude, where bats lodge in the disjointed stones and the keys rust in unused doors....

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading The tall windows are like blind eyes, the great door is a shut mouth.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading From the loggia, with its vanishing frescoes, I looked down an avenue barred by a ladder of cypress-shadows to the ducal escutcheon and mutilated vases of the gate.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Have you ever questioned the long shuttered front of an old Italian house, that motionless mask, smooth, mute, equivocal as the face of a priest behind which buzz the secrets of the confessional?

Chapter 1 of Crucial Instances by Edith Wharton holds 430 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Crucial Instances contain?

Chapter 1 holds 430 sentences of Crucial Instances, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Crucial Instances by Edith Wharton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 430 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Crucial Instances?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Crucial Instances

Common questions about reading Crucial Instances by Edith Wharton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Crucial Instances?

Yes. All 3051 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7516 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Crucial Instances is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7516, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Crucial Instances take to read?

About 254 minutes of reading across 611 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Crucial Instances section by section

How to work through Crucial Instances section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Crucial Instances to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Crucial Instances

Words and structures a reader meets early in Crucial Instances, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Questioned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crucial Instances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shuttered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crucial Instances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Front
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crucial Instances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crucial Instances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.