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Crucial Instances
Crucial Instances

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Crucial Instances is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Crucial Instances
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”
Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.
It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.
The publisher smiled.
They haven’t waited,” he said.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Crucial Instances

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Crucial Instances is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”
/ðɪs ˈdʒentəlmən ˈlɪsənd əˈtentɪvli ˈfɪŋɡərɪŋ hɜːr ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt æz ðoʊ ˈlɪtərətʃər wɜːr ə ˈtæktɪl ˈsʌbstəns ðen wɪð ə ˌkɑːnfəˈdenʃəl twɪst ʌv hɪz riˈvɑːlvɪŋ tʃer hiː ɪˈmɪtəd ðə ˈvɜːrdɪkt wiː ɔːt tuː hæv hæd ðɪs ten jɪrz ˈsuːnər/
Line 2
Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.
Line 3
It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.
Line 4
The publisher smiled.
/ðə ˈpʌblɪʃər smaɪld/
Line 5
They haven’t waited,” he said.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

emitted verb US /ɪˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “emit” — expel (gases or odors)

From this reading “This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.””

fingering noun US /ˈfɪŋɡərɪŋ/

the placement of the fingers for playing different notes (or sequences of notes) on a musical instrument

From this reading “This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.””

publisher noun US /ˈpʌblɪʃər/

a firm in the publishing business

From this reading “The publisher smiled.”

repressed adjective US /riˈprest/

characterized by or showing the suppression of impulses or emotions

From this reading “Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.”

revolving verb US /riˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “revolve” — turn on or around an axis or a center

From this reading “This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.””

tactile adjective US /ˈtæktɪl/

of or relating to or proceeding from the sense of touch

From this reading “This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.””

twist verb US /twɪst/

to move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling)

From this reading “This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.””

verdict noun US /ˈvɜːrdɪkt/

(law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment

From this reading “This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.””

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

allusionnounUS /əˈluːʒən/

passing reference or indirect mention

From this reading Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.

Anson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

assented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

attentivelyadverbUS /əˈtentɪvli/

with attention; in an attentive manner

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

aviditynoun

a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something

From this reading Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

confidentialadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːnfəˈdenʃəl/

entrusted with private information and the confidence of another

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

emittedverbUS /ɪˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “emit” — expel (gases or odors)

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

fingeringnounUS /ˈfɪŋɡərɪŋ/

the placement of the fingers for playing different notes (or sequences of notes) on a musical instrument

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

haven't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “They haven’t waited,” he said.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

listenedverbUS /ˈlɪsənd/

past form of “listen” — hear with intention

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

manuscriptnounUS /ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt/

A book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

publishernounUS /ˈpʌblɪʃər/

a firm in the publishing business

From this reading The publisher smiled.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.

repressedadjectiveUS /riˈprest/

characterized by or showing the suppression of impulses or emotions

From this reading Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.

revolvingverbUS /riˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “revolve” — turn on or around an axis or a center

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “They haven’t waited,” he said.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

smiledverbUS /smaɪld/

past form of “smile” — change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading The publisher smiled.

solemnlyadverbUS /ˈsɔːləmli/

in a grave and sedate manner

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

substancenounUS /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

tactileadjectiveUS /ˈtæktɪl/

of or relating to or proceeding from the sense of touch

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “They haven’t waited,” he said.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.

twistverbUS /twɪst/

to move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling)

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

verdictnounUS /ˈvɜːrdɪkt/

(law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading “It has been a long time for the public to wait,” she solemnly assented.

waitedverbUS /ˈweɪtɪd/

past form of “wait” — stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading “They haven’t waited,” he said.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Miss Anson took the words as an allusion to the repressed avidity of her readers.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading This gentleman listened attentively, fingering her manuscript as though literature were a tactile substance; then, with a confidential twist of his revolving chair, he emitted the verdict: “We ought to have had this ten years sooner.”

Chapter 2 of Crucial Instances by Edith Wharton holds 434 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Crucial Instances contain?

Chapter 2 holds 434 sentences of Crucial Instances, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Crucial Instances by Edith Wharton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 434 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Crucial Instances?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Crucial Instances

Common questions about reading Crucial Instances by Edith Wharton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Crucial Instances?

Yes. All 3051 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7516 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Crucial Instances is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7516, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Crucial Instances take to read?

About 254 minutes of reading across 611 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Crucial Instances section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Crucial Instances

Words and structures a reader meets early in Crucial Instances, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Questioned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crucial Instances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shuttered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crucial Instances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Front
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crucial Instances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crucial Instances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.