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Cruel as the grave
Cruel as the grave

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Cruel as the grave is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BERNERS OF THE BURNING HEARTS.
"Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."
Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.
They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.
The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cruel as the grave

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Cruel as the grave is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BERNERS OF THE BURNING HEARTS.
Line 2
"Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."
Line 3
Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.
Line 4
They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.
/ðeɪ wɜːr əˈtendɪd baɪ ðə ˈdʒentəlmʌnz væˈleɪ ənd ðə ˈleɪdiz meɪd ənd enˈkʌmbərd bɪˈsaɪdz wɪð ə ɡreɪt əˈmaʊnt ʌv ˈbæɡədʒ soʊ ðæt ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər ðer əˈpɪrəns wɑːz soʊ ˈprɑːməsɪŋ ðæt ðə ˈlændlɔːrd ʌv ðə ˈæŋkər keɪm ˈfɔːrwərd ɪn ˈpɜːrsən tuː rəˈsiːv ðem ənd baʊ ðem ˈɪntuː ðə best ˈpɑːrlər/
Line 5
The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bridal adjective US /ˈbraɪdəl/

of or relating to a wedding

From this reading “Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.”

encumbered adjective US /enˈkʌmbərd/

loaded to excess or impeded by a heavy load

From this reading “They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.”

gentleman's noun US /ˈdʒentəlmʌnz/

possessive form of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading “They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.”

hack noun US /hæk/

one who works hard at boring tasks

From this reading “Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.”

lava noun US /ˈlɑːvə/

rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface

From this reading “"Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."”

Lyon noun US /ˈlaɪən/

a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon

From this reading “The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.”

Norfolk noun US /ˈnɔːrfək/

port city located in southeastern Virginia on the Elizabeth River at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay; headquarters of the Atlantic fleet of the United States Navy

From this reading “Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.”

registered adjective US /ˈredʒɪstərd/

(of animals) officially recorded with or certified by a recognized breed association; especially in a stud book

From this reading “The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

AnchornounUS /ˈæŋkər/

a mechanical device that prevents a vessel from moving

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

autumn-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

baggagenounUS /ˈbæɡədʒ/

cases used to carry belongings when traveling

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

BERNERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BERNERS OF THE BURNING HEARTS.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

bridaladjectiveUS /ˈbraɪdəl/

of or relating to a wedding

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

BURNINGnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading THE BERNERS OF THE BURNING HEARTS.

burnsnounUS /bɜːrnz/

United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

encumberedadjectiveUS /enˈkʌmbərd/

loaded to excess or impeded by a heavy load

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

Etna's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

flamenounUS /fleɪm/

A hot glowing body of ignited gas produced by fire.

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

floodnounUS /flʌd/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

gentleman'snounUS /ˈdʒentəlmʌnz/

possessive form of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

hacknounUS /hæk/

one who works hard at boring tasks

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

HallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

HEARTSnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading THE BERNERS OF THE BURNING HEARTS.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

innnounUS /ɪn/

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

lady'snounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

landlordnounUS /ˈlændlɔːrd/

a landowner who leases to others

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

lavanounUS /ˈlɑːvə/

rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

LyonnounUS /ˈlaɪən/

a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

maidnounUS /meɪd/

a female domestic

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

NearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

NorfolknounUS /ˈnɔːrfək/

port city located in southeastern Virginia on the Elizabeth River at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay; headquarters of the Atlantic fleet of the United States Navy

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BERNERS OF THE BURNING HEARTS.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

parlornounUS /ˈpɑːrlər/

reception room in an inn or club where visitors can be received

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

promisingadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːməsɪŋ/

showing possibility of achievement or excellence

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

registeredadjectiveUS /ˈredʒɪstərd/

(of animals) officially recorded with or certified by a recognized breed association; especially in a stud book

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

returningadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

tending to return to an earlier state

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

steamernounUS /ˈstiːmər/

a clam that is usually steamed in the shell

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BERNERS OF THE BURNING HEARTS.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

tournounUS /tʊr/

a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

valetnounUS /væˈleɪ/

a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading The gentleman registered himself and his party as Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Berners, of Black Hall, Virginia, and two servants.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Their love was like the lava flood That burns in Etna's breast of flame."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They were attended by the gentleman's valet and the lady's maid, and encumbered besides with a great amount of baggage, so that altogether their appearance was so promising that the landlord of the "Anchor" came forward in person to receive them and bow them into the best parlor.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Near the end of a dark autumn-day, not many years ago, a young couple, returning from their bridal tour arrived by steamer at the old city of Norfolk; and, taking a hack, drove directly to the best inn.

Chapter 1 of Cruel as the grave by Emma Dorothy Eliza Nevitte Southworth holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Cruel as the grave contain?

Chapter 1 holds 66 sentences of Cruel as the grave, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Cruel as the grave by Emma Dorothy Eliza Nevitte Southworth exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Cruel as the grave?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cruel as the grave

Common questions about reading Cruel as the grave by Emma Dorothy Eliza Nevitte Southworth on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cruel as the grave?

Yes. All 6156 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23789 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cruel as the grave is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23789, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cruel as the grave take to read?

About 513 minutes of reading across 1232 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cruel as the grave section by section

How to work through Cruel as the grave section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Cruel as the grave to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cruel as the grave

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cruel as the grave, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Berners
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cruel as the grave; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Burning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cruel as the grave; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hearts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cruel as the grave; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Flood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cruel as the grave; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.