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Crusoe's Island
Crusoe's Island

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Crusoe's Island is here in full — 800 sentences across 160 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/160 · 5 lines
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A TRAGEDY.
A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.
The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.
Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.
The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Crusoe's Island

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Crusoe's Island is here in full — 800 sentences across 160 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/160 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A TRAGEDY.
/ə ˈtrædʒədi/
Line 2
A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.
Line 3
The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.
/ðə ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən æz ˈjuːʒəwəl ɪn sʌtʃ ˈkeɪsəz wɑːz ˈdʒenərəl ənd ðə ˈkʌmpəniː nɑːt ˈveri səˈlekt/
Line 4
Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.
/ˈevəri ˈpɜːrsən wɪˈðɪn ə ˈsɜːrkəl ʌv ˈtwenti maɪlz ənd wɪð ˈmʌni ɪˈnʌf ɪn hɪz ˈpɑːkəts tuː peɪ fɔːr ðə rəˈfreʃmənts wɑːz ɪkˈspektəd tuː biː ˈprezənt/
Line 5
The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adobe noun US /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading “The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.”

Californians noun US /ˌkælɪˈfɔːrnjənz/

plural of “californian” — a native or resident of California

From this reading “A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.”

entertainment noun US /ˌentərˈteɪnmənt/

an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

From this reading “The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.”

fandango noun US /fænˈdæŋɡoʊ/

a provocative Spanish courtship dance in triple time; performed by a man and a woman playing castanets

From this reading “A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.”

Jackson noun US /ˈdʒæksən/

English film actress who later became a member of British Parliament (born in 1936)

From this reading “A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.”

missionary noun US /ˈmɪʃəneri/

someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program

From this reading “The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.”

refreshments noun US /rəˈfreʃmənts/

plural of “refreshment” — snacks and drinks served as a light meal

From this reading “Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.”

select adjective US /səˈlekt/

of superior grade

From this reading “The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twenty miles noun + noun counted as “twenty mile”

In this reading “Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.”

few days adjective + noun

In this reading “A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.”

lower part verb + noun

In this reading “The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.”

formerly used adverb + adjective

In this reading “The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.”

within a circle preposition + article + noun counted as “within … circle”

In this reading “Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.”

money enough noun + noun

In this reading “Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.”

pay for verb + particle

have as a guest

In this reading “Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.”

name of verb + particle

In this reading “A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A TRAGEDY.

adobenounUS /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

CaliforniansnounUS /ˌkælɪˈfɔːrnjənz/

plural of “californian” — a native or resident of California

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

entertainmentnounUS /ˌentərˈteɪnmənt/

an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

fandangonounUS /fænˈdæŋɡoʊ/

a provocative Spanish courtship dance in triple time; performed by a man and a woman playing castanets

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

invitationnounUS /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/

a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

JacksonnounUS /ˈdʒæksən/

English film actress who later became a member of British Parliament (born in 1936)

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

Luis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

missionarynounUS /ˈmɪʃəneri/

someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

pocketsnounUS /ˈpɑːkəts/

plural of “pocket” — a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

refreshmentsnounUS /rəˈfreʃmənts/

plural of “refreshment” — snacks and drinks served as a light meal

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

selectadjectiveUS /səˈlekt/

of superior grade

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

store-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

TRAGEDYnounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading A TRAGEDY.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The invitation, as usual in such cases, was general, and the company not very select.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The entertainment was held in a large adobe building, formerly used for missionary purposes, the lower part of which was occupied as a store-house.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Every person within a circle of twenty miles, and with money enough in his pockets to pay for the refreshments, was expected to be present.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading A few days after my arrival in San Luis I went, in company with a young American by the name of Jackson, to a fandango given by the native Californians.

Chapter 31 of Crusoe's Island by J. Ross (John Ross) Browne holds 800 sentences, grouped into 160 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Crusoe's Island contain?

Chapter 31 holds 800 sentences of Crusoe's Island, unabridged, divided into 160 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Crusoe's Island by J. Ross (John Ross) Browne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 800 sentences, grouped into 160 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Crusoe's Island?

Work through the 160 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 160 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Crusoe's Island

Common questions about reading Crusoe's Island by J. Ross (John Ross) Browne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Crusoe's Island?

Yes. All 5140 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39918 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Crusoe's Island is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39918, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Crusoe's Island take to read?

About 428 minutes of reading across 1028 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Crusoe's Island

Words and structures a reader meets early in Crusoe's Island, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Adventure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crusoe's Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crusoe's Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dates
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crusoe's Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crusoe's Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.