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Crusoe's Island
Crusoe's Island

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of Crusoe's Island is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
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SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA CITY.
Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.
Nothing more was wanting to confirm my original impressions.
The water was certainly the worst ever used by man.
Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Crusoe's Island

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of Crusoe's Island is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA CITY.
/səˈsaɪəti ʌv vərˈdʒɪnjə ˈsɪti/
Line 2
Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.
/ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ ðə ˈnʌmbər ʌv fəˈzɪʃənz huː hæd ɔːlˈredi ˈhɔɪstəd ðer ˈʃɪŋɡəlz ðer wɑːz mʌtʃ ˈsɪknəs ɪn vərˈdʒɪnjə ˈoʊɪŋ ˈtʃiːfli tuː ɪkˈspoʊʒər ənd ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən bʌt ɪn sʌm ˈmeʒər tuː ðə ˌdeləˈtɪriəs ˈkwɑːləti ʌv ðə ˈwɔːtər/
Line 3
Nothing more was wanting to confirm my original impressions.
/ˈnʌθɪŋ mɔːr wɑːz ˈwɑːntɪŋ tuː kənˈfɜːrm maɪ ərˈɪdʒənəl ˌɪmˈpreʃənz/
Line 4
The water was certainly the worst ever used by man.
/ðə ˈwɔːtər wɑːz ˈsɜːrtənli ðə wɜːrst ˈevər juːzd baɪ mæn/
Line 5
Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alleged adjective US /əˈledʒd/

declared but not proved

From this reading “Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.”

arsenic noun US /ˈɑːrsənɪk/

a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer

From this reading “Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.”

Comstock noun US /ˈkɑːmstɑːk/

United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered obscene (1844-1915)

From this reading “Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.”

deleterious adjective US /ˌdeləˈtɪriəs/

harmful to living things

From this reading “Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.”

dissipation noun US /ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

breaking up and scattering by dispersion

From this reading “Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.”

Filtered verb US /ˈfɪltərd/

past form of “filter” — remove by passing through a filter

From this reading “Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.”

minerals noun US /ˈmɪnərəlz/

plural of “mineral” — solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

From this reading “Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.”

shingles noun US /ˈʃɪŋɡəlz/

eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia

From this reading “Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Filtered through verb + particle counted as “filter through”

In this reading “Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.”

some measure adjective + noun

In this reading “Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.”

exist in verb + particle

In this reading “Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

allegedadjectiveUS /əˈledʒd/

declared but not proved

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

arsenicnounUS /ˈɑːrsənɪk/

a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The water was certainly the worst ever used by man.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading The water was certainly the worst ever used by man.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

CITYnounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA CITY.

ComstocknounUS /ˈkɑːmstɑːk/

United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered obscene (1844-1915)

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

confirmverbUS /kənˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading Nothing more was wanting to confirm my original impressions.

copperas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

deleteriousadjectiveUS /ˌdeləˈtɪriəs/

harmful to living things

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

dissipationnounUS /ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

breaking up and scattering by dispersion

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The water was certainly the worst ever used by man.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

exposurenounUS /ɪkˈspoʊʒər/

vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

FilteredverbUS /ˈfɪltərd/

past form of “filter” — remove by passing through a filter

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

hoistedverbUS /ˈhɔɪstəd/

past form of “hoist” — raise or haul up with or as if with mechanical help

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

impressionsnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃənz/

plural of “impression” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Nothing more was wanting to confirm my original impressions.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

LeadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The water was certainly the worst ever used by man.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

mineralsnounUS /ˈmɪnərəlz/

plural of “mineral” — solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Nothing more was wanting to confirm my original impressions.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Nothing more was wanting to confirm my original impressions.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing more was wanting to confirm my original impressions.

NotwithstandingadverbUS /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA CITY.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Nothing more was wanting to confirm my original impressions.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

physiciansnounUS /fəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “physician” — a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

plumbagonoun

used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

poisonousadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪzənəs/

having the qualities or effects of a poison

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

shinglesnounUS /ˈʃɪŋɡəlz/

eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

sicknessnounUS /ˈsɪknəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

SOCIETYnounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA CITY.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The water was certainly the worst ever used by man.

veinnounUS /veɪn/

a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

VIRGINIAnounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA CITY.

wantingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːntɪŋ/

nonexistent

From this reading Nothing more was wanting to confirm my original impressions.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Notwithstanding the number of physicians who had already hoisted their "shingles," there was much sickness in Virginia, owing chiefly to exposure and dissipation, but in some measure to the deleterious quality of the water.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Filtered through the Comstock Lead, it carried with it much of the plumbago, arsenic, copperas, and other poisonous minerals alleged to exist in that vein.

worstnounUS /wɜːrst/

the least favorable outcome

From this reading The water was certainly the worst ever used by man.

Chapter 36 of Crusoe's Island by J. Ross (John Ross) Browne holds 249 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of Crusoe's Island contain?

Chapter 36 holds 249 sentences of Crusoe's Island, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of Crusoe's Island by J. Ross (John Ross) Browne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 249 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of Crusoe's Island?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Crusoe's Island

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Is this the complete text of Crusoe's Island?

Yes. All 5140 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39918 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Crusoe's Island is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39918, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Crusoe's Island take to read?

About 428 minutes of reading across 1028 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Crusoe's Island

Words and structures a reader meets early in Crusoe's Island, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Adventure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crusoe's Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crusoe's Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dates
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crusoe's Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Crusoe's Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.