Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Cæsar or Nothing
Cæsar or Nothing

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Cæsar or Nothing is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cæsar or Nothing
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.
Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.
By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.
Only the individual exists through himself and for himself.
I am, I live, is the sole thing a man can affirm.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cæsar or Nothing

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Cæsar or Nothing is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.
Line 2
Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.
Line 3
By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.
/baɪ miːnz ʌv ðiːz dɪˈvaɪsəz wiː kæn dɪˈskʌs ənd kəmˈper ðeɪ ˈkɑːnstətuːt ə ˈmeʒər fɔːr ˈaʊər maɪndz tuː juːs bʌt hæv noʊ ɪkˈstɜːrnəl ˌriːˈælətiː/
Line 4
Only the individual exists through himself and for himself.
/ˈoʊnli ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl ɪɡˈzɪsts θruː hɪmˈself ənd fɔːr hɪmˈself/
Line 5
I am, I live, is the sole thing a man can affirm.
/aɪ æm aɪ laɪv ɪz ðə soʊl θɪŋ ə mæn kæn əˈfɜːrm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstractions noun US /æbˈstrækʃənz/

plural of “abstraction” — a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance

From this reading “Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.”

affirm verb US /əˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading “I am, I live, is the sole thing a man can affirm.”

constitute verb US /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading “By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.”

devices noun US /dɪˈvaɪsəz/

an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase “left to your own devices”

From this reading “Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.”

exists verb US /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading “Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.”

external adjective US /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading “By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.”

genus noun US /ˈdʒiːnəs/

a general kind of something

From this reading “Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.”

syntheses noun US /ˈsɪnθəsiːs/

plural of “synthesis” — the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)

From this reading “Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

abstractionsnounUS /æbˈstrækʃənz/

plural of “abstraction” — a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

affirmverbUS /əˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading I am, I live, is the sole thing a man can affirm.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am, I live, is the sole thing a man can affirm.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

compareverbUS /kəmˈper/

examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

constituteverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

devicesnounUS /dɪˈvaɪsəz/

an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase “left to your own devices”

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

discussverbUS /dɪˈskʌs/

to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

genusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnəs/

a general kind of something

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Only the individual exists through himself and for himself.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I am, I live, is the sole thing a man can affirm.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading I am, I live, is the sole thing a man can affirm.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading I am, I live, is the sole thing a man can affirm.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

NeitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading I am, I live, is the sole thing a man can affirm.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

synthesesnounUS /ˈsɪnθəsiːs/

plural of “synthesis” — the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

terminologies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Only the individual exists through himself and for himself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading Translated from the Spanish by Louis How The individual is the only real thing in nature and in life.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading Neither the species, the genus, nor the race, actually exists; they are abstractions, terminologies, scientific devices, useful as syntheses but not entirely exact.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading By means of these devices we can discuss and compare; they constitute a measure for our minds to use, but have no external reality.

Chapter 1 of Cæsar or Nothing by Pío Baroja holds 399 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Cæsar or Nothing contain?

Chapter 1 holds 399 sentences of Cæsar or Nothing, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Cæsar or Nothing by Pío Baroja exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 399 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Cæsar or Nothing?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cæsar or Nothing

Common questions about reading Cæsar or Nothing by Pío Baroja on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cæsar or Nothing?

Yes. All 6392 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8444 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cæsar or Nothing is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8444, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cæsar or Nothing take to read?

About 532 minutes of reading across 1279 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cæsar or Nothing section by section

How to work through Cæsar or Nothing section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Cæsar or Nothing to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cæsar or Nothing

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cæsar or Nothing, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar or Nothing; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar or Nothing; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Louis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar or Nothing; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Individual
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar or Nothing; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.