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Cæsar's Column
Cæsar's Column

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Cæsar's Column is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.
It would be impossible to adequately describe them.
We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.
We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.
But they were as dead intelligence under the spell of a magician.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cæsar's Column

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Cæsar's Column is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.
Line 2
It would be impossible to adequately describe them.
/ɪt wʊd biː ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl tuː ˈædəkwətli dɪˈskraɪb ðem/
Line 3
We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.
Line 4
We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.
Line 5
But they were as dead intelligence under the spell of a magician.
/bʌt ðeɪ wɜːr æz ded ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns ˈʌndər ðə spel ʌv ə məˈdʒɪʃ.ən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adequately adverb US /ˈædəkwətli/

in an adequate manner or to an adequate degree

From this reading “It would be impossible to adequately describe them.”

arrays noun US /ərˈeɪz/

plural of “array” — an orderly arrangement

From this reading “We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.”

libraries noun US /ˈlaɪbreriːz/

plural of “library” — a room where books are kept

From this reading “We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.”

looms noun US /luːmz/

plural of “loom” — a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile

From this reading “We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.”

lordly adjective US /ˈlɔːrdliː/

of or befitting a lord

From this reading “THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.”

statuary noun US /ˈstætʃuːeri/

statues collectively

From this reading “We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.”

sward noun US /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading “We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.”

tinted verb US /ˈtɪntɪd/

past form of “tint” — color lightly

From this reading “We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

abreastadjectiveUS /əˈbrest/

being up to particular standard or level especially in being up to date in knowledge

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

adequatelyadverbUS /ˈædəkwətli/

in an adequate manner or to an adequate degree

From this reading It would be impossible to adequately describe them.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

arraysnounUS /ərˈeɪz/

plural of “array” — an orderly arrangement

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It would be impossible to adequately describe them.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

carpetsnounUS /ˈkɑːrpəts/

plural of “carpet” — floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile)

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

colorsnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a flag that shows its nationality

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading But they were as dead intelligence under the spell of a magician.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

describeverbUS /dɪˈskraɪb/

give a description of

From this reading It would be impossible to adequately describe them.

designsnounUS /dɪˈzaɪnz/

plural of “design” — the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

endlessadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

exquisiteadjectiveUS /ˈekskwəzət/

intense or sharp

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

grandeurnounUS /ɡrænˈduːr/

the quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

habitations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

HIDING-PLACE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading It would be impossible to adequately describe them.

insignificantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkənt/

signifying nothing

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading But they were as dead intelligence under the spell of a magician.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It would be impossible to adequately describe them.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

librariesnounUS /ˈlaɪbreriːz/

plural of “library” — a room where books are kept

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

loomsnounUS /luːmz/

plural of “loom” — a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

lordlyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːrdliː/

of or befitting a lord

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

magiciannounUS /məˈdʒɪʃ.ən/

A practitioner of magic and ancient arcane arts, often wielding deception and powerful spells.

From this reading But they were as dead intelligence under the spell of a magician.

magnificencenoun

splendid or imposing in size or appearance

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

nature'snounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

possessive form of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

noiselesslyadverb

without a sound

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

paintingsnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋz/

plural of “painting” — graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

richly-bound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

roomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

Rudolph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

softenedadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːfənd/

toned down

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

spellverbUS /spel/

orally recite the letters of or give the spelling of

From this reading But they were as dead intelligence under the spell of a magician.

splendornounUS /ˈsplen.dər/

Magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur and brilliance.

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

stairsnounUS /sterz/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

statuarynounUS /ˈstætʃuːeri/

statues collectively

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

swardnounUS /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It would be impossible to adequately describe them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But they were as dead intelligence under the spell of a magician.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

tintedverbUS /ˈtɪntɪd/

past form of “tint” — color lightly

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It would be impossible to adequately describe them.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading But they were as dead intelligence under the spell of a magician.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE HIDING-PLACE I had seen something of the magnificence of this age, and of the splendor of its lordly habitations; but I was not prepared for the grandeur of the rooms through which Rudolph led me.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading We passed up great winding stairs, over which, it seemed to me, three carriages might have been driven abreast; we were surrounded at every step by exquisite statuary and royal paintings; our course led through great libraries where the softened light fell on the endless arrays of richly-bound books.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading We moved noiselessly over carpets soft and deep as a rich sward, but tinted with colors and designs, from the great looms of the world, beside which the comparison of nature's carpets seemed insignificant.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It would be impossible to adequately describe them.

Chapter 7 of Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly holds 72 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Cæsar's Column contain?

Chapter 7 holds 72 sentences of Cæsar's Column, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 72 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Cæsar's Column?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cæsar's Column

Common questions about reading Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cæsar's Column?

Yes. All 4928 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5155 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cæsar's Column is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5155, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cæsar's Column take to read?

About 410 minutes of reading across 986 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cæsar's Column section by section

How to work through Cæsar's Column section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cæsar's Column

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cæsar's Column, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gabriel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Weltstein
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.