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Cæsar's Column
Cæsar's Column

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Cæsar's Column is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Cæsar's Column
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.
To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.
I said to Maximilian while he paced the room:
"How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?
Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cæsar's Column

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Cæsar's Column is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.
Line 2
To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.
/tuː waɪl əˈweɪ ðə taɪm wiː kənˈvɜːrst əˈpɑːn ˈsʌbdʒɪkts ðæt wɜːr nɪr ˈaʊər hɑːrts/
Line 3
I said to Maximilian while he paced the room:
Line 4
"How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?
Line 5
Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?
/wɜːr ðer noʊ ˈwɔːrnɪŋz ˈʌtərd baɪ ˈeni ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt men/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arise verb US /ərˈaɪz/

come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading “"How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?”

conversed verb US /kənˈvɜːrst/

past form of “converse” — carry on a conversation

From this reading “To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.”

finds noun US /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading “"How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?”

intelligent adjective US /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading “Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?”

paced verb US /peɪst/

past form of “pace” — walk with slow or fast paces

From this reading “I said to Maximilian while he paced the room:”

restless adjective US /ˈrestləs/

worried and uneasy

From this reading “HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.”

ruined adjective US /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading “HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.”

warnings noun US /ˈwɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “warning” — a message informing of danger

From this reading “Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?

ariseverbUS /ərˈaɪz/

come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

BEauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?

CAMEverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

conversedverbUS /kənˈvɜːrst/

past form of “converse” — carry on a conversation

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I said to Maximilian while he paced the room:

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I said to Maximilian while he paced the room:

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

longingnounUS /ˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

prolonged unfulfilled desire or need

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

Maximilian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I said to Maximilian while he paced the room:

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

pacedverbUS /peɪst/

past form of “pace” — walk with slow or fast paces

From this reading I said to Maximilian while he paced the room:

restlessadjectiveUS /ˈrestləs/

worried and uneasy

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading I said to Maximilian while he paced the room:

RUINEDadjectiveUS /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading I said to Maximilian while he paced the room:

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

uneasyadjectiveUS /əˈniːzi/

lacking a sense of security or affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

utteredadjectiveUS /ˈʌtərd/

communicated in words

From this reading Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?

warningsnounUS /ˈwɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “warning” — a message informing of danger

From this reading Were there no warnings uttered by any intelligent men?

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "How did this dreadful state of affairs, in which the world now finds itself, arise?

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading To while away the time we conversed upon subjects that were near our hearts.

WORLDnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading HOW THE WORLD CAME TO BE RUINED We were uneasy, restless, longing for the night to come.

Chapter 11 of Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly holds 169 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Cæsar's Column contain?

Chapter 11 holds 169 sentences of Cæsar's Column, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 169 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Cæsar's Column?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cæsar's Column

Common questions about reading Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cæsar's Column?

Yes. All 4928 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5155 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cæsar's Column is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5155, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cæsar's Column take to read?

About 410 minutes of reading across 986 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cæsar's Column section by section

How to work through Cæsar's Column section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Cæsar's Column to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cæsar's Column

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cæsar's Column, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gabriel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Weltstein
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.