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Cæsar's Column
Cæsar's Column

Chapter XXXII · Chapter 32

Chapter 32 of Cæsar's Column is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.
Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.
The sound spread in every direction.
The barricades were all attacked.
Suddenly the noise began to decrease.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cæsar's Column

Chapter XXXII · Chapter 32

Chapter 32 of Cæsar's Column is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.
Line 2
Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.
/ˈɪnstəntli ðə lɔːŋ laɪn ʌv ɪts tɑːp ˈbrɪsəld wɪð ˈfaɪər ðə ˈfaɪər wɑːz rɪˈtɜːrnd ðə ˈrætəl wɑːz kənˈtɪnjuːəs ənd ˈterəbəl ˈmɪŋɡəld wɪð ðə ˈræpəd ˈɡraɪndɪŋ nɔɪz ʌv ðə məˈʃiːn ɡʌnz/
Line 3
The sound spread in every direction.
/ðə saʊnd spred ɪn ˈevəri dərˈekʃən/
Line 4
The barricades were all attacked.
/ðə ˈbærəkeɪdz wɜːr ɔːl əˈtækt/
Line 5
Suddenly the noise began to decrease.
/ˈsʌdənli ðə nɔɪz bɪˈɡæn tuː dɪˈkriːs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attacked verb US /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading “The barricades were all attacked.”

barricade noun US /ˈbærəkeɪd/

a barrier set up by police to stop traffic on a street or road in order to catch a fugitive or inspect traffic etc.

From this reading “THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.”

barricades noun US /ˈbærəkeɪdz/

plural of “barricade” — a barrier set up by police to stop traffic on a street or road in order to catch a fugitive or inspect traffic etc.

From this reading “The barricades were all attacked.”

bristled adjective US /ˈbrɪsəld/

having or covered with protective barbs or quills or spines or thorns or setae etc.

From this reading “Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.”

continuous adjective US /kənˈtɪnjuːəs/

continuing in time or space without interruption

From this reading “Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.”

decrease verb US /dɪˈkriːs/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading “Suddenly the noise began to decrease.”

grinding noun US /ˈɡraɪndɪŋ/

material resulting from the process of grinding

From this reading “Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.”

rattle verb US /ˈrætəl/

make short successive sounds

From this reading “Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.”

All words in this reading · 41

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The barricades were all attacked.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading The barricades were all attacked.

barricadenounUS /ˈbærəkeɪd/

a barrier set up by police to stop traffic on a street or road in order to catch a fugitive or inspect traffic etc.

From this reading THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.

barricadesnounUS /ˈbærəkeɪdz/

plural of “barricade” — a barrier set up by police to stop traffic on a street or road in order to catch a fugitive or inspect traffic etc.

From this reading The barricades were all attacked.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Suddenly the noise began to decrease.

bristledadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪsəld/

having or covered with protective barbs or quills or spines or thorns or setae etc.

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

continuousadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəs/

continuing in time or space without interruption

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

decreaseverbUS /dɪˈkriːs/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading Suddenly the noise began to decrease.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The sound spread in every direction.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The sound spread in every direction.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

grindingnounUS /ˈɡraɪndɪŋ/

material resulting from the process of grinding

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The sound spread in every direction.

InstantlyadverbUS /ˈɪnstəntli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

mingledverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

noisenounUS /nɔɪz/

sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

RAT-TRAP

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.

rattleverbUS /ˈrætəl/

make short successive sounds

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The sound spread in every direction.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The sound spread in every direction.

SuddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Suddenly the noise began to decrease.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Suddenly the noise began to decrease.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading THE RAT-TRAP Some of the troops advanced toward the barricade.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The barricades were all attacked.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Instantly the long line of its top bristled with fire; the fire was returned; the rattle was continuous and terrible, mingled with the rapid, grinding noise of the machine guns.

Chapter 32 of Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 32 of Cæsar's Column contain?

Chapter 32 holds 103 sentences of Cæsar's Column, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 32 of Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 32 of Cæsar's Column?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 32 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 32 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cæsar's Column

Common questions about reading Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cæsar's Column?

Yes. All 4928 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5155 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cæsar's Column is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5155, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cæsar's Column take to read?

About 410 minutes of reading across 986 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Cæsar's Column

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cæsar's Column, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gabriel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Weltstein
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.