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Cæsar's Column
Cæsar's Column

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of Cæsar's Column is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.
Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.
True, many of them had fled.
But the cunning cripple--the vice-president--had provided for this too.
At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Cæsar's Column

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of Cæsar's Column is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.
/ðə prɪns ɡɪvz hɪz læst braɪb bʌt ɪt wɑːz wen ðə mɑːb riːtʃt ðə ˈwelθiər pɑːrts ʌv ðə ˈsɪti ðæt ðə ˈhɔːrərz ʌv ðə ˌdevəˈsteɪʃən ˈrɪli bɪˈɡæn/
Line 2
Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.
/hiːr ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈevəri ɡrænd haʊs wɑːz ðə əˈboʊd ʌv wʌn ʌv ðə kənˈdemd/
Line 3
True, many of them had fled.
/truː ˈmeni ʌv ðem hæd fled/
Line 4
But the cunning cripple--the vice-president--had provided for this too.
Line 5
At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bribe noun US /braɪb/

payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment

From this reading “THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.”

devastation noun US /ˌdevəˈsteɪʃən/

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading “THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.”

ferries noun US /ˈferiz/

plural of “ferry” — a boat that transports people or vehicles across a body of water and operates on a regular schedule

From this reading “At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.”

ranging adjective US /ˈreɪndʒɪŋ/

wandering freely

From this reading “At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.”

slaying noun US /ˈsleɪɪŋ/

unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being

From this reading “At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.”

suburbs noun US /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading “At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.”

wealthier adjective US /ˈwelθiər/

comparative of “wealthy” — having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading “THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.”

yachts noun US /jɑːts/

plural of “yacht” — an expensive vessel propelled by sail or power and used for cruising or racing

From this reading “At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abodenounUS /əˈboʊd/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

bandsnounUS /bændz/

plural of “band” — an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

BRIBEnounUS /braɪb/

payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

bridgesnounUS /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

condemnedverbUS /kənˈdemd/

past form of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

crippleverbUS /ˈkrɪpəl/

deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless

From this reading But the cunning cripple--the vice-president--had provided for this too.

cunningadjectiveUS /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

attractive especially by means of smallness or prettiness or quaintness

From this reading But the cunning cripple--the vice-president--had provided for this too.

dangersnounUS /ˈdeɪndʒərz/

plural of “danger” — the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

devastationnounUS /ˌdevəˈsteɪʃən/

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

enduredverbUS /enˈdjʊrd/

past form of “endure” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

ferriesnounUS /ˈferiz/

plural of “ferry” — a boat that transports people or vehicles across a body of water and operates on a regular schedule

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading True, many of them had fled.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But the cunning cripple--the vice-president--had provided for this too.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

GIVESnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading True, many of them had fled.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

horrorsnounUS /ˈhɔːrərz/

plural of “horror” — intense and profound fear

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

LASTadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading True, many of them had fled.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

mobnounUS /mɑːb/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Here almost every grand house was the abode of one of the condemned.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

peasantsnounUS /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

PRINCEnounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

princesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading But the cunning cripple--the vice-president--had provided for this too.

railroadnounUS /ˈreɪlroʊd/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

rangingadjectiveUS /ˈreɪndʒɪŋ/

wandering freely

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

recognizeverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

seizeverbUS /siːz/

take hold of; grab

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

slayingnounUS /ˈsleɪɪŋ/

unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

stationedverbUS /ˈsteɪʃənd/

past form of “station” — assign to a station

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

stationsnounUS /ˈsteɪʃənz/

(Roman Catholic Church) a devotion consisting of fourteen prayers said before a series of fourteen pictures or carvings representing successive incidents during Jesus' passage from Pilate's house to his crucifixion at Calvary

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

suburbsnounUS /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading True, many of them had fled.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But the cunning cripple--the vice-president--had provided for this too.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading But the cunning cripple--the vice-president--had provided for this too.

tracesnounUS /ˈtreɪsəz/

plural of “trace” — a just detectable amount

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading True, many of them had fled.

vice-president

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the cunning cripple--the vice-president--had provided for this too.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

wealthieradjectiveUS /ˈwelθiər/

comparative of “wealthy” — having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE PRINCE GIVES HIS LAST BRIBE But it was when the mob reached the wealthier parts of the city that the horrors of the devastation really began.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

wretchednessnoun

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

yachtsnounUS /jɑːts/

plural of “yacht” — an expensive vessel propelled by sail or power and used for cruising or racing

From this reading At the railroad stations, at the bridges and ferries, even on the yachts of the princes, men were stationed who would recognize and seize them; and if they even escaped the dangers of the suburbs, and reached the country, there they found armed bands of desperate peasants, ranging about, slaying every one who did not bear on his face and person the traces of the same wretchedness which they themselves had so long endured.

Chapter 34 of Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly holds 72 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of Cæsar's Column contain?

Chapter 34 holds 72 sentences of Cæsar's Column, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 72 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of Cæsar's Column?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Cæsar's Column

Common questions about reading Cæsar's Column by Ignatius Donnelly on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Cæsar's Column?

Yes. All 4928 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5155 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Cæsar's Column is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5155, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Cæsar's Column take to read?

About 410 minutes of reading across 986 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Cæsar's Column section by section

How to work through Cæsar's Column section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Cæsar's Column

Words and structures a reader meets early in Cæsar's Column, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gabriel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Weltstein
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Cæsar's Column; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.