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Culm Rock The Story of a Year
Culm Rock The Story of a Year

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Culm Rock The Story of a Year is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Culm Rock The Story of a Year
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WORK FINISHED.
The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.
The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.
True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.
If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Culm Rock The Story of a Year

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Culm Rock The Story of a Year is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WORK FINISHED.
/ðə wɜːrk ˈfɪnɪʃt/
Line 2
The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.
Line 3
The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.
/ðə ˈkɑːrpəntər hæd wɜːrkt ˈstedəli ənd ˈfeɪθfəli ənd ðə rɪˈzʌlt wɑːz ə ˈɡrætəfaɪɪŋ wʌn tuː mɔːr ðæn wʌn ˈpɜːrsən/
Line 4
True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.
Line 5
If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!
/ɪf ðeɪ kʊd ˈoʊnli hæv ə koʊt ʌv peɪnt ɔːr ˈwaɪtwɑːʃ tuː meɪk ðem lʊk freʃ ənd ˈtʃɪrfəl wʌt æn ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt ɪt wʊd biː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

carpenter noun US /ˈkɑːrpəntər/

a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading “The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.”

elegance noun US /ˈeləɡəns/

a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste

From this reading “True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.”

gratifying adjective US /ˈɡrætəfaɪɪŋ/

pleasing to the mind or feeling

From this reading “The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.”

labors noun US /ˈleɪbərz/

plural of “labor” — a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading “The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.”

models noun US /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.”

patchy adjective US /ˈpætʃi/

irregular or uneven in quality, texture, etc.

From this reading “True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.”

warmer noun US /ˈwɔːrmər/

device that heats water or supplies warmth to a room

From this reading “True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.”

whitewash noun US /ˈwaɪtwɑːʃ/

a defeat in which the losing person or team fails to score

From this reading “If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

blankadjectiveUS /blæŋk/

(of a surface) not written or printed on

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

carpenternounUS /ˈkɑːrpəntər/

a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

Culmnoun

stem of plants of the Gramineae

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

dinginessnoun

discoloration due to dirtiness

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

dwellingnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋ/

housing that someone is living in

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

elegancenounUS /ˈeləɡəns/

a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

faithfullyadverbUS /ˈfeɪθfəli/

in a faithful manner

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

FINISHEDadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading THE WORK FINISHED.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

gratifyingadjectiveUS /ˈɡrætəfaɪɪŋ/

pleasing to the mind or feeling

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

improvementnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt/

a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

laborsnounUS /ˈleɪbərz/

plural of “labor” — a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

lessonnounUS /ˈlesən/

a unit of instruction

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

lessonsnounUS /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

modelsnounUS /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

Noll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

paintverbUS /peɪnt/

make a painting

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

patchyadjectiveUS /ˈpætʃi/

irregular or uneven in quality, texture, etc.

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

repairedverbUS /rɪˈperd/

past form of “repair” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

Sampson's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

staringadjectiveUS /ˈsterɪŋ/

(used of eyes) open and fixed as if in fear or wonder

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

surroundingsnounUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋz/

the environmental condition

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WORK FINISHED.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

warmernounUS /ˈwɔːrmər/

device that heats water or supplies warmth to a room

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

weather-beatenadjective

tanned and coarsened from being outdoors

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

whitewashnounUS /ˈwaɪtwɑːʃ/

a defeat in which the losing person or team fails to score

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The days went by,--busy enough for Noll with lessons and the afternoon lesson at Culm,--and John Sampson's labors began to draw to a close.

WORKverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE WORK FINISHED.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The carpenter had worked steadily and faithfully, and the result was a gratifying one to more than one person.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If they could only have a coat of paint or whitewash to make them look fresh and cheerful, what an improvement it would be!

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading True, the houses were not models of elegance; that was not needed; and they _did_ look somewhat patchy, with here and there a fresh new board over the old weather-beaten gray of the dwelling, and new doors staring blank and yellow out of the dinginess of their surroundings; but, if they were not handsome, they were thoroughly repaired and now stood warmer and more comfortable than any of the present generation of Culm people had ever known them.

Chapter 18 of Culm Rock The Story of a Year by Glance Gaylord holds 84 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Culm Rock The Story of a Year contain?

Chapter 18 holds 84 sentences of Culm Rock The Story of a Year, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Culm Rock The Story of a Year by Glance Gaylord exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 84 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Culm Rock The Story of a Year?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Culm Rock The Story of a Year

Common questions about reading Culm Rock The Story of a Year by Glance Gaylord on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Culm Rock The Story of a Year?

Yes. All 2809 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20524 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Culm Rock The Story of a Year is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20524, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Culm Rock The Story of a Year take to read?

About 234 minutes of reading across 562 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Culm Rock The Story of a Year section by section

How to work through Culm Rock The Story of a Year section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Culm Rock The Story of a Year

Words and structures a reader meets early in Culm Rock The Story of a Year, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stone
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Culm Rock The Story of a Year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Culm Rock The Story of a Year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Place
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Culm Rock The Story of a Year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Might
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Culm Rock The Story of a Year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.