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Culture and Anarchy
Culture and Anarchy

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Culture and Anarchy is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
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[51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.
But hitherto I have been insisting chiefly on beauty, or sweetness, as a character of perfection.
To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.
First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.
It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Culture and Anarchy

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Culture and Anarchy is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.
Line 2
But hitherto I have been insisting chiefly on beauty, or sweetness, as a character of perfection.
/bʌt ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː aɪ hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ˈtʃiːfli ɑːn ˈbjuːti ɔːr ˈswiːtnəs æz ə ˈkerɪktər ʌv pərˈfekʃən/
Line 3
To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.
/tuː kəmˈpliːt ˈraɪtli maɪ dɪˈzaɪn ɪt ˈevədəntli rɪˈmeɪnz tuː spiːk ˈɔːlsoʊ ʌv ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns ɔːr laɪt æz ə ˈkerɪktər ʌv pərˈfekʃən/
Line 4
First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.
Line 5
It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

extirpate verb US /ˈekstərpeɪt/

destroy completely, as if down to the roots

From this reading “It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.”

inaction noun US /ˌɪˈnækʃən/

the state of being inactive

From this reading “It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.”

objectors noun US /əbˈdʒektərz/

plural of “objector” — a person who dissents from some established policy

From this reading “First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.”

promulgating verb US /ˈprɑːməlɡeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “promulgate” — state or announce

From this reading “First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.”

reformers noun US /rɪˈfɔːrmərz/

plural of “reformer” — a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading “It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.”

reforms noun US /rəˈfɔːrmz/

plural of “reform” — a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading “It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.”

salve noun US /sɑːv/

semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation

From this reading “It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.”

uprooting verb US /əˈpruːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “uproot” — move (people) forcibly from their homeland into a new and foreign environment

From this reading “It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

51

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

52

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But hitherto I have been insisting chiefly on beauty, or sweetness, as a character of perfection.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

antipathynounUS /ænˈtɪpəθi/

a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

AtlanticnounUS /ətˈlæntɪk/

the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

believernounUS /bəˈliːvər/

a supporter who accepts something as true

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But hitherto I have been insisting chiefly on beauty, or sweetness, as a character of perfection.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading But hitherto I have been insisting chiefly on beauty, or sweetness, as a character of perfection.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading But hitherto I have been insisting chiefly on beauty, or sweetness, as a character of perfection.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.

cultivatedadjectiveUS /ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd/

(of land or fields) prepared for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

cureverbUS /kjʊr/

provide a cure for, make healthy again

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

definiteadjectiveUS /ˈdefənət/

precise; explicit and clearly defined

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.

evidentlyadverbUS /ˈevədəntli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.

evilsnounUS /ˈiːvəlz/

plural of “evil” — morally objectionable behavior

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

extirpateverbUS /ˈekstərpeɪt/

destroy completely, as if down to the roots

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading But hitherto I have been insisting chiefly on beauty, or sweetness, as a character of perfection.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

inactionnounUS /ˌɪˈnækʃən/

the state of being inactive

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

insistingnounUS /ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ/

continual and persistent demands

From this reading But hitherto I have been insisting chiefly on beauty, or sweetness, as a character of perfection.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

lendverbUS /lend/

bestow a quality on

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

miseriesnounUS /ˈmɪzəriz/

plural of “misery” — a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

mockinglyadverb

in a disrespectful jeering manner

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

objectionsnounUS /əbˈdʒekʃənz/

plural of “objection” — the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

objectorsnounUS /əbˈdʒektərz/

plural of “objector” — a person who dissents from some established policy

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But hitherto I have been insisting chiefly on beauty, or sweetness, as a character of perfection.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

parmaceti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

perfectionnounUS /pərˈfekʃən/

the state of being without a flaw or defect

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

promulgatingverbUS /ˈprɑːməlɡeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “promulgate” — state or announce

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

proposingverbUS /prəˈpoʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

pursuitnounUS /pərˈsuːt/

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

reformersnounUS /rɪˈfɔːrmərz/

plural of “reformer” — a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

reformsnounUS /rəˈfɔːrmz/

plural of “reform” — a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

refuseverbUS /rəˈfjuːz/

show unwillingness towards

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.

rightlyadverbUS /ˈraɪtli/

with honesty

From this reading To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

salvenounUS /sɑːv/

semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

scentedadjectiveUS /ˈsentɪd/

having the sense of smell

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading To complete rightly my design, it evidently remains to speak also of intelligence, or light, as a character of perfection.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

sweetnessnounUS /ˈswiːtnəs/

the taste experience when sugar dissolves in the mouth

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

uprootingverbUS /əˈpruːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “uproot” — move (people) forcibly from their homeland into a new and foreign environment

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading First, however, I ought perhaps to notice that, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, all sorts of objections are raised against the "religion of culture," as the objectors mockingly call it, which I am supposed to be promulgating.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is said to be a religion proposing parmaceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure for human miseries; a religion breathing a spirit of cultivated inaction, making its believer refuse to lend a hand at uprooting the definite evils on all sides of us, and filling him with antipathy against the reforms and reformers which try to [52] extirpate them.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading [51] I have been trying to show that culture is, or ought to be, the study and pursuit of perfection; and that of perfection as pursued by culture, beauty and intelligence, or, in other words, sweetness and light, are the main characters.

Chapter 2 of Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold holds 197 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Culture and Anarchy contain?

Chapter 2 holds 197 sentences of Culture and Anarchy, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 197 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Culture and Anarchy?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Culture and Anarchy

Common questions about reading Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Culture and Anarchy?

Yes. All 1323 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4212 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #4212, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Culture and Anarchy take to read?

About 110 minutes of reading across 265 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Culture and Anarchy section by section

How to work through Culture and Anarchy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Culture and Anarchy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Culture and Anarchy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Disparagers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Culture and Anarchy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Culture
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Culture and Anarchy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Motive
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Culture and Anarchy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Curiosity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Culture and Anarchy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.