Chapter XII · Chapter 12

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

in addition

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

plural of “artisan” — a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The little ones were at their ease; the men, a little embarrassed.

(often followed by “to”) giving care or attention

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

plural of “beard” — the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

plural of “carpenter” — a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

inflected form of “clap” — put quickly or forcibly

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

place under suspicion or cast doubt upon

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

move gently or carefully

From this reading The little ones were at their ease; the men, a little embarrassed.

easy and not involved or complicated

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

feeling or caused to feel ill at ease or self-conscious or ashamed

From this reading The little ones were at their ease; the men, a little embarrassed.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

offering fun and gaiety

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

immediately past

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

past form of “laugh” — produce laughter

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The little ones were at their ease; the men, a little embarrassed.

a school for students intermediate between elementary school and college; usually grades 9 to 12

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

plural of “mason” — American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

the force of workers available

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

characterized by or capable of producing music

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

not one, and not any

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

superlative of “old” — (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The little ones were at their ease; the men, a little embarrassed.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

plural of “pupil” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

past form of “salute” — propose a toast to

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

an educational institution

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Last came the pupils of the elementary evening schools, and then it began to be a beautiful sight.

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

plural of “spectator” — a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The little ones were at their ease; the men, a little embarrassed.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

plural of “trade” — the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading They were of all ages, of all trades, and dressed in all sorts of ways,--men with gray hair, factory boys, artisans with big black beards.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

which person or people

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

in the company of; together with

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first to defile were the pupils of the evening drawing classes--the goldsmiths, engravers, lithographers, and also the carpenters and masons; then those of the commercial school; then those of the Musical Lyceum, among them several girls, workingwomen, all dressed in festal attire, who were saluted with great applause, and who laughed.

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The people clapped the oldest and the youngest, but none of the spectators laughed, as they did at our festival: all faces were attentive and serious.