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David Copperfield
David Copperfield

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of David Copperfield is here in full — 523 sentences across 105 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/104 · 5 lines
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Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.
To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.
It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.
In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.
I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

David Copperfield

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of David Copperfield is here in full — 523 sentences across 105 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/104 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.
Line 2
To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.
/tuː bɪˈɡɪn maɪ laɪf wɪð ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv maɪ laɪf aɪ rəˈkɔːrd ðæt aɪ wɑːz bɔːrn æz aɪ hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd ənd bɪˈliːv ɑːn ə ˈfraɪdi æt twelv əˈklɑːk æt naɪt/
Line 3
It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.
/ɪt wɑːz rɪˈmɑːrkt ðæt ðə klɑːk bɪˈɡæn tuː straɪk ənd aɪ bɪˈɡæn tuː kraɪ ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli/
Line 4
In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.
/ɪn kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ʌv ðə deɪ ənd ˈaʊər ʌv maɪ bɜːrθ ɪt wɑːz dɪˈklerd baɪ ðə nɜːrs ənd baɪ sʌm seɪdʒ ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə ˈneɪbərhʊd huː hæd ˈteɪkən ə ˈlaɪvli ˈɪntrəst ɪn miː ˈsevrəl mʌnθs bɪˈfɔːr ðer wɑːz ˈeni ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː ʌv ˈaʊər bɪˈkʌmɪŋ ˈpɜːrsənəli əˈkweɪntɪd fɜːrst ðæt aɪ wɑːz ˈdestɪnd tuː biː ənˈlʌki ɪn laɪf ənd ˈsekəndli ðæt aɪ wɑːz ˈprɪvlədʒd tuː siː ɡoʊsts ənd ˈspɪrɪts boʊθ ðiːz ɡɪfts ˌɪˈnevətəbli əˈtætʃɪŋ æz ðeɪ bɪˈliːvd tuː ɔːl ənˈlʌki ˈɪnfənts ʌv ˈiːðər ˈdʒendər bɔːrn təˈwɔːrdz ðə smɔːl ˈaʊərz ɑːn ə ˈfraɪdi naɪt/
Line 5
I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.
/aɪ niːd seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ hiːr ɑːn ðə fɜːrst hed bɪˈkɔːz ˈnʌθɪŋ kæn ʃoʊ ˈbetər ðæn maɪ ˈhɪstəri ˈweðər ðæt priˈdɪkʃən wɑːz ˈverəfaɪd ɔːr ˈfɔːlsəfaɪd baɪ ðə rɪˈzʌlt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attaching verb US /əˈtætʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “attach” — cause to be attached

From this reading “In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.”

falsified verb US /ˈfɔːlsəfaɪd/

inflected form of “falsify” — make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story

From this reading “I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.”

gender noun US /ˈdʒendər/

a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness

From this reading “In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.”

infants noun US /ˈɪnfənts/

plural of “infant” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading “In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.”

prediction noun US /priˈdɪkʃən/

the act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future)

From this reading “I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.”

privileged adjective US /ˈprɪvlədʒd/

blessed with privileges

From this reading “In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.”

secondly adverb US /ˈsekəndli/

in the second place

From this reading “In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.”

verified adjective US /ˈverəfaɪd/

proved to be true

From this reading “I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

anybodypronounUS /ˈenibədi/

any person at all

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

attachingverbUS /əˈtætʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “attach” — cause to be attached

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

clocknounUS /klɑːk/

a timepiece that shows the time of day

From this reading It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

falsifiedverbUS /ˈfɔːlsəfaɪd/

inflected form of “falsify” — make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

FridaynounUS /ˈfraɪdi/

the sixth day of the week; the fifth working day

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

gendernounUS /ˈdʒendər/

a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

ghostsnounUS /ɡoʊsts/

plural of “ghost” — a mental representation of some haunting experience

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

giftsnounUS /ɡɪfts/

plural of “gift” — something acquired without compensation

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

inevitablyadverbUS /ˌɪˈnevətəbli/

in such a manner as could not be otherwise

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

infantsnounUS /ˈɪnfənts/

plural of “infant” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

livelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪvli/

full of life and energy

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

neighbourhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

nurseverbUS /nɜːrs/

try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

personallyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrsənəli/

as yourself

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

predictionnounUS /priˈdɪkʃən/

the act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future)

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

privilegedadjectiveUS /ˈprɪvlədʒd/

blessed with privileges

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

sagenounUS /seɪdʒ/

a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

secondlyadverbUS /ˈsekəndli/

in the second place

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

simultaneouslyadverbUS /ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli/

at the same instant

From this reading It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

unluckyadjectiveUS /ənˈlʌki/

having or bringing misfortune

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

verifiedadjectiveUS /ˈverəfaɪd/

proved to be true

From this reading I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified by the result.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

WhetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.

Chapter 1 of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens holds 523 sentences, grouped into 105 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of David Copperfield contain?

Chapter 1 holds 523 sentences of David Copperfield, unabridged, divided into 105 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 523 sentences, grouped into 105 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of David Copperfield?

Work through the 105 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 105 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading David Copperfield

Common questions about reading David Copperfield by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of David Copperfield?

Yes. All 18139 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #766 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of David Copperfield is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #766, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does David Copperfield take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3628 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read David Copperfield section by section

How to work through David Copperfield section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of David Copperfield to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in David Copperfield

Words and structures a reader meets early in David Copperfield, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Whether
A word that appears in the opening chapter of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shall
A word that appears in the opening chapter of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Station
A word that appears in the opening chapter of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Anybody
A word that appears in the opening chapter of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.