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Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World
Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM.
Thorwald continued as follows: The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.
It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.
But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.
In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM.
/ðə ˌɪnˈdʌstriəl ˈprɑːbləm/
Line 2
Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.
Line 3
It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.
/ɪt wɑːz æn ənˈriːznəbəl ˈfiːlɪŋ bɪˈkɔːz ðə ˈɪntrəsts ʌv ðə tuː ˈklæsəz wɜːr aɪˈdentɪkəl/
Line 4
But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.
/bʌt æz ˈkæpətəl wɑːz kənˈsɑːlədeɪtəd ənd ɡreɪt ˌkɔːrpərˈeɪʃənz wɜːr fɔːrmd fɔːr ɪkˈstensɪv ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ənd ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ ðə riˈleɪʃən bɪˈtwiːn ðə tuː bɪˈkeɪm ˈveri ˌɪmˈpɜːrsənəl ənd ˈdɪfəkəlt tuː kənˈtroʊl/
Line 5
In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

consolidated adjective US /kənˈsɑːlədeɪtəd/

joined together into a whole

From this reading “But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.”

corporations noun US /ˌkɔːrpərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “corporation” — a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state

From this reading “But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.”

employees noun US /emˈplɔɪiz/

plural of “employee” — a worker who is hired to perform a job

From this reading “Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.”

impersonal adjective US /ˌɪmˈpɜːrsənəl/

not relating to or responsive to individual persons

From this reading “But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.”

industrial adjective US /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəl/

of or relating to or resulting from industry

From this reading “THE INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM.”

manufacturing noun US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading “But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.”

transportation noun US /ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən/

a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods

From this reading “But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.”

unions noun US /ˈjuːnjənz/

plural of “union” — an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading “In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

brotherhoods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

callingnounUS /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

consolidatedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɑːlədeɪtəd/

joined together into a whole

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

controlnounUS /kənˈtroʊl/

power to direct or determine

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

corporationsnounUS /ˌkɔːrpərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “corporation” — a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

createdverbUS /kriˈeɪtəd/

past form of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

employeesnounUS /emˈplɔɪiz/

plural of “employee” — a worker who is hired to perform a job

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

employersnounUS /emˈplɔɪərz/

plural of “employer” — a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

existingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

extensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

identicaladjectiveUS /aɪˈdentɪkəl/

exactly alike; incapable of being perceived as different

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

impersonaladjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrsənəl/

not relating to or responsive to individual persons

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

INDUSTRIALadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəl/

of or relating to or resulting from industry

From this reading THE INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM.

interestsnounUS /ˈɪntrəsts/

plural of “interest” — a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

manufacturingnounUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

operationsnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

organizationnounUS /ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃən/

a group of people who work together

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

organizedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

PROBLEMnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading THE INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM.

protectverbUS /prəˈtekt/

shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

Thorwald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

transportationnounUS /ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən/

a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

unionsnounUS /ˈjuːnjənz/

plural of “union” — an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

unpleasantadjectiveUS /ənˈplezənt/

offensive or disagreeable; causing discomfort or unhappiness

From this reading Thorwald continued as follows: “The unpleasant relations existing between the employers and the employees created a host of troubles.

unreasonableadjectiveUS /ənˈriːznəbəl/

not reasonable; not showing good judgment

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But as capital was consolidated and great corporations were formed for extensive operations in transportation and manufacturing, the relation between the two became very impersonal and difficult to control.

wage-earners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In order to protect their interests the wage-earners organized into unions, brotherhoods, etc., almost every trade and calling having its own organization.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was an unreasonable feeling, because the interests of the two classes were identical.

Chapter 28 of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World by James Cowan holds 159 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World contain?

Chapter 28 holds 159 sentences of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World by James Cowan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 159 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World

Common questions about reading Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World by James Cowan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 5288 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7814 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #7814, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 440 minutes of reading across 1058 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World

Words and structures a reader meets early in Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fallen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Satellite
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Promised
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Settled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Daybreak: A Romance of an Old World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.